小学科学教学中,合理假设和认真探究能力的培养是实验教学的重要目标。小学科学教师要鼓励学生在实验中合理假设,由此激发学生的探究欲望,启发学生的问题意识,培养学生合理设计实验的能力,训练他们小心求证的精神,让他们形成严谨的科学态度与周密的思考习惯。在此基础上,教师要着重培养学生的科学探究能力,全面提升学生的科学素养。 Primary science teaching, reasonable assumptions and a serious inquiry into the ability of training is an important goal of experimental teaching. Primary science teachers should encourage students to make reasonable assumptions in the experiment, thus stimulating students’ desire to explore, arousing students’ awareness of problems, cultivating students’ ability to design experiments rationally, training them to be careful in confirming their spirits and letting them form a rigorous scientific attitude and thoroughness Thinking habits. On this basis, teachers should focus on training students’ ability of scientific inquiry, and comprehensively improve their scientific literacy.