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为探明急性盐度胁迫对狭盐性贝类紫石房蛤(Saxidomus purpurata)组织形态结构及生理生化的影响,研究了急性高盐(盐度35)和低盐(盐度15)胁迫下紫石房蛤鳃组织显微结构、Na+/K+-ATP酶和体腔液、鳃组织中SOD、CAT和POD 3种非特异性免疫因子的变化。鳃组织结构变化结果显示,与自然海水对照组相比,急性盐度胁迫实验组紫石房蛤鳃丝间距均呈现显著差异。盐度胁迫3 h起,低盐胁迫组紫石房蛤鳃丝皱缩程度和鳃间距与自然海水组相比总体呈现随胁迫时间增加而增大的趋势;高盐胁迫组鳃丝则表现为先皱缩后饱满,鳃间距呈逐渐缩小后逐步增大的趋势;低盐胁迫各时间点,鳃丝形态结构变化较相对应的高盐胁迫组明显。紫石房蛤鳃组织Na+/K+-ATP酶在急性低盐胁迫下活力升高,急性高盐胁迫下活力降低。24 h低盐和高盐度急性胁迫对紫石房蛤SOD、CAT和POD酶活力的影响呈现组织特异性。体腔液中以SOD率先对盐度胁迫产生应答,鳃组织中则以POD的响应最为快速。急性高盐胁迫下紫石房蛤体腔液中SOD和CAT活力在胁迫1 h、3 h后无明显变化,胁迫5 h后显著上升;胁迫7 h后显著下降;胁迫24 h后又显著上升,变化趋于一致(P<0.05)。急性低盐胁迫下紫石房蛤体腔液中CAT和POD酶活力分别在7 h和3 h显著下降至最低点,之后逐步趋于对照组水平(P<0.05)。结果提示,急性盐度胁迫下紫石房蛤体腔液和鳃组织中SOD、CAT和POD 3种非特异性免疫因子及鳃组织中Na+/K+-ATP酶的响应方式不同,紫石房蛤可能通过改变鳃组织形态结构从而适应外界盐度的骤然变化。
In order to investigate the effect of acute salinity stress on the morphological structure and physiological and biochemical characteristics of Saxidomus purpurata, the effects of acute high salt (salinity 35) and low salt (salinity 15) The changes of gill tissue structure, Na + / K + -ATPase activity, body cavity fluid and gill tissue SOD, CAT and POD nonspecific immune factors. The results of gill tissue structure change showed that compared with natural seawater control group, the gill filament spacing of Athyrium argentea showed a significant difference in acute salinity stress experimental group. Under salinity stress, the gill filaments shrinkage and gill distance of the low-salt stress group tended to increase with the increase of the stress time compared with the natural seawater stress group. The gill filaments of the high salt stress group showed a First shrinkage and fullness, gill spacing gradually decreased and then gradually increased the trend; low salt stress at various time points, gill filament morphology and structure changes corresponding to the high salt stress group was significant. The activity of Na + / K + -ATPase in gills of Amethystis clam increased under acute low salt stress and decreased under acute high salt stress. The effects of 24 h low salt and high salinity acute stress on SOD, CAT and POD enzyme activity of Rhododendron simsii showed tissue specificity. SOD was the first to respond to salinity stress in body cavity fluid, and the response to POD was the fastest in gill tissues. Under acute high salt stress, the activities of SOD and CAT in the body fluid of Amethystus clarkii did not change significantly after 1 h and 3 h of stress, but increased significantly after 5 h of stress. The stress decreased significantly after 7 h and then increased significantly after 24 h of stress, The changes tended to be consistent (P <0.05). CAT and POD activities in the body fluid of Amethystus clarkii decreased significantly to the lowest point at 7 h and 3 h after acute low salt stress, respectively, and gradually decreased to the control level (P <0.05). The results showed that under different salinity stress, three nonspecific immune factors, SOD, CAT and POD, and Na + / K + -ATPase in gill tissues responded differently Changes in gill tissue morphology in order to adapt to sudden changes in the salinity of the outside world.