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定语从句是中学英语语法的一个重点和难点,同学们在做定语从句练习时往往模糊不清,不知如何作答。如果掌握了解题的思路,解题也就容易多了,得分率自然会高。下面介绍定语从句的解题思路。
一、找出先行词
一般来说,先行词就是定语从句所修饰和限制的名词和代词。因为定语从句起形容词的作用,所以先行词常在句子的汉译“……的”之后。但在具体的一句话中,哪个名词或代词是先行词,这就与句意理解有关,所以句意的正确理解是找准先行词的前提和基础。请分析下列句子:
(1)Did you talk of the people and magazinesinterested you?
A. who B. which C. that
(2)I am one of the boys who______ never late for school.
A. is B. areC. was
解析:(1)先行词若理解为magazines,答案应选B、C;若为the people则应选A、C。根据句意“你谈论过(让你感兴趣的)人和杂志吗?”,我们可判断:先行词为the people and magazines,故答案为C。(2)根据句意我们知道:定语从句“上学从不迟到的”修饰限制的是“男孩们”,即是先行词,指复数概念,而非“其中一个”,故答案为B。
二、分析清楚先行词在从句中所作的成份
有些题先行词一目了然,但解题的关键还在于了解先行词在从句中所作的成份,如在解题时稍有疏忽就容易出错。这就要求做题时,一定要小心、仔细,千万不能凭想象做题,既要认清先行词,又要分析它在从句中所起的作用。请看下列各句:
(1)I never forget the place______ I spent with you last year.
A. whereB. which C. who
(2)The house______ door faces south is my house.
A. whichB. that C. whose
解析:(1)先行词the place尽管表现地点,但它在定语从句中作spent的宾语,故答案为B。(2)先行词the house与从句主语door是整体与部分关系,即所属关系,所以它作door的定语,答案为C。
三、选用适当的关系词
关系词的选择是根据先行词及在从句中所作的成份来确定的。关系词who,whom只能指人,在从句中作主语、宾语;whose既可指人也可指物,在从句中作定语;关系词which在从句中只能指物,在从句中可作主语和宾语;关系词that既能指人又能指物,在从句中作主语、宾语和表语;关系词as,which在从句中指代整句话的内容;关系词where,when,why在从句中分别作地点状语、时间状语和原因状语。
四、熟记一些特殊情况
在解答定语从句的习题时,不但要注意以上的解题思路,而且要注意一些特殊情况的定语从句。现将一些特殊情况进行归纳如下:
(1)You may keep any______you find.
A. that B. which C. as D. what
解析:A。先行词为all, any, much, little, few, something, anything, nothing, everything等或被它们修饰时,关系词要用that。
(2)Next Sunday is the only day______ he can spare to join us.
A. which B. which C. when D. on which
解析:A。先行词被the only, the very, the last, the right等修饰时,关系词用that。
(3)The first lesson______I learned will never be forgotten.
A. which B. that C. as D. who
解析:B。先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时,关系词用that。
(4)They talked of thing and persons______they remembered in the school.
A. whichB. thatC. who D. whom
解析:B。先行词既有人又有物时,关系词用that。
(5)He was wearing the same shirt______the day before.
A. thatB. whichC. as D. what
解析:C。在the same… as, such…as结构中,用as比that更正式,特别当从句中省略谓语时,要用as。
(6______was usual with him, he went out for a walk after dinner.
A. Which B. WhatC. AsD. That
解析:C。as, which都能引导定语从句,指代整个句子,但as能放句首,而which则不行。
(7)It is I,______a policeman, want to catch the thief.
A. who isB. that am C. who amD. which is
解析:C。先行词为I,关系代词在从句中作主语时,其谓语的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
(8)The day______you can go to college will be sure to come.
A. in which B. in that C. where D. on which
解析:D。关系副词when在从句中作时间状语,可用“介词+which”替换,本句指特定的某一天,介词要用on which。
一、找出先行词
一般来说,先行词就是定语从句所修饰和限制的名词和代词。因为定语从句起形容词的作用,所以先行词常在句子的汉译“……的”之后。但在具体的一句话中,哪个名词或代词是先行词,这就与句意理解有关,所以句意的正确理解是找准先行词的前提和基础。请分析下列句子:
(1)Did you talk of the people and magazinesinterested you?
A. who B. which C. that
(2)I am one of the boys who______ never late for school.
A. is B. areC. was
解析:(1)先行词若理解为magazines,答案应选B、C;若为the people则应选A、C。根据句意“你谈论过(让你感兴趣的)人和杂志吗?”,我们可判断:先行词为the people and magazines,故答案为C。(2)根据句意我们知道:定语从句“上学从不迟到的”修饰限制的是“男孩们”,即是先行词,指复数概念,而非“其中一个”,故答案为B。
二、分析清楚先行词在从句中所作的成份
有些题先行词一目了然,但解题的关键还在于了解先行词在从句中所作的成份,如在解题时稍有疏忽就容易出错。这就要求做题时,一定要小心、仔细,千万不能凭想象做题,既要认清先行词,又要分析它在从句中所起的作用。请看下列各句:
(1)I never forget the place______ I spent with you last year.
A. whereB. which C. who
(2)The house______ door faces south is my house.
A. whichB. that C. whose
解析:(1)先行词the place尽管表现地点,但它在定语从句中作spent的宾语,故答案为B。(2)先行词the house与从句主语door是整体与部分关系,即所属关系,所以它作door的定语,答案为C。
三、选用适当的关系词
关系词的选择是根据先行词及在从句中所作的成份来确定的。关系词who,whom只能指人,在从句中作主语、宾语;whose既可指人也可指物,在从句中作定语;关系词which在从句中只能指物,在从句中可作主语和宾语;关系词that既能指人又能指物,在从句中作主语、宾语和表语;关系词as,which在从句中指代整句话的内容;关系词where,when,why在从句中分别作地点状语、时间状语和原因状语。
四、熟记一些特殊情况
在解答定语从句的习题时,不但要注意以上的解题思路,而且要注意一些特殊情况的定语从句。现将一些特殊情况进行归纳如下:
(1)You may keep any______you find.
A. that B. which C. as D. what
解析:A。先行词为all, any, much, little, few, something, anything, nothing, everything等或被它们修饰时,关系词要用that。
(2)Next Sunday is the only day______ he can spare to join us.
A. which B. which C. when D. on which
解析:A。先行词被the only, the very, the last, the right等修饰时,关系词用that。
(3)The first lesson______I learned will never be forgotten.
A. which B. that C. as D. who
解析:B。先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时,关系词用that。
(4)They talked of thing and persons______they remembered in the school.
A. whichB. thatC. who D. whom
解析:B。先行词既有人又有物时,关系词用that。
(5)He was wearing the same shirt______the day before.
A. thatB. whichC. as D. what
解析:C。在the same… as, such…as结构中,用as比that更正式,特别当从句中省略谓语时,要用as。
(6______was usual with him, he went out for a walk after dinner.
A. Which B. WhatC. AsD. That
解析:C。as, which都能引导定语从句,指代整个句子,但as能放句首,而which则不行。
(7)It is I,______a policeman, want to catch the thief.
A. who isB. that am C. who amD. which is
解析:C。先行词为I,关系代词在从句中作主语时,其谓语的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
(8)The day______you can go to college will be sure to come.
A. in which B. in that C. where D. on which
解析:D。关系副词when在从句中作时间状语,可用“介词+which”替换,本句指特定的某一天,介词要用on which。