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为研究在高温和低温胁迫条件下的三系杂交棉花粉育性稳定性问题,利用棉花细胞质雄性不育系和恢复系,配制2个三系杂交棉组合,抗A×浙大强恢(记作:强恢F1)和抗A×DES-HMF277(记作:弱恢F1),并以保持系(抗B)为对照,分别进行温室控温试验和田间自然温度试验,分析三系杂交棉对高温和低温胁迫的反应和花粉育性转换(可育至不育)的临界温度。试验表明,一般三系杂交棉的花粉育性对胁迫温度的反应比保持系敏感,常常花粉散粉少和花粉活力较低。不同三系杂交棉组合对胁迫温度的抗性存在明显差异,强恢F1明显高于弱恢F1,与保持系的育性相似,可育花粉率和自交结铃率较高,不孕籽率较低。经可育花粉率(Y)与温度(T)的回归分析,花粉育性转换的临界温度符合Y=a(T-Topt)2+b模型。强恢F1育性转换的上限和下限温度分别为38.0℃和13.0℃,弱恢F1为36.0℃和14.0℃,保持系为38.5℃和10.0℃。与低温胁迫比较,高温胁迫在我国大部分棉区更普遍,持续时间更长,对产量影响更大。提高三系杂交棉在胁迫气温条件下的花粉育性的稳定性是近期育种的重要目标。
In order to study the stability of pollen sterility of three-line hybrid cotton under high and low temperature stress conditions, two lines of three-line hybrid cotton were prepared by using cytoplasmic male sterile lines and restorer lines of cotton, (F1) and anti-A × DES-HMF277 (denoted as: weak recovery F1). The control system was used to control the temperature in the greenhouse and the natural temperature in the field respectively. Response of high and low temperature stress and critical temperature of pollen fertility conversion (fertile to sterile). The results showed that the pollen fertility of three-line hybrid cotton was more susceptible than the maintainer to the stress temperature, and the pollen powder and pollen activity were less frequently. The resistance of different three-line hybrid cotton combinations to stress temperature differed significantly. The F1 of F1 was significantly higher than that of F1, and the fertility of maintainer lines was similar. The fertile pollen rate and the rate of self- Lower. Regression analysis of fertile pollen rate (Y) and temperature (T) showed that the critical temperature of pollen fertility conversion was in accordance with Y = a (T-Topt) 2 + b model. The upper limit and lower limit of the fertility conversion of Qianghui F1 were 38.0 ℃ and 13.0 ℃, respectively. The weak recover F1 was 36.0 ℃ and 14.0 ℃, and the maintainer lines were 38.5 ℃ and 10.0 ℃. Compared with low temperature stress, high temperature stress is more common in most cotton areas in our country, with longer duration and greater impact on yield. Improving the stability of pollen fertility of three-line hybrid cotton under stress temperature is an important target of recent breeding.