The preparation of activated carbon from Chinese fir sawdust by zinc chloride activation under both nitrogen atmosphere and vacuum conditions was carried out in a self-manufactured vacuum pyrolysis reactor. The effects of the system pressure and the activation condition (nitrogen or vacuum) on pore development were investigated. The results show that both high quality activated carbon and high added-value bio-oil can be obtained simultaneously via vacuum chemical activation. The characteristics of the activated carbons produced under vacuum conditions are better than those prepared under nitrogen atmosphere. The performance parameters of the activated carbon obtained under vacuum conditions are as follows: the pore size distribution is mainly microporous, the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area is 1 070.59 m2/g, the microporous volume is 0.502 4 cm3/g, the average pore size is 2.085 nm, and the iodine adsorption value and the methylene blue adsorption value are 1 142.92 and 131.34 mg/g, respectively. The activated carbon from vacuum chemical activation has developed micropores, and the N2 adsorption equilibrium constant of the corresponding activated carbon gradually increases with the decrease of reaction system pressure. The preparation of activated carbon from Chinese fir sawdust by zinc chloride activation under both nitrogen atmosphere and vacuum conditions was carried out in a self-made vacuum pyrolysis reactor. The effects of the system pressure and the activation condition (nitrogen or vacuum) on pore development The results show that both high quality activated carbon and high added-value bio-oil can be obtained simultaneously via vacuum chemical activation. The characteristics of the activated carbons produced under vacuum conditions are better than those prepared under nitrogen atmosphere. The performance parameters of the activated carbon obtained under vacuum conditions are as follows: the pore size distribution is mainly microporous, the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area is 1 070.59 m2 / g, the microporous volume is 0.502 4 cm3 / g, the average pore size is 2.085 nm, and the iodine adsorption value and the methylene blue adsorption values ​​are 1 142.92 and 131.3 4 mg / g, respectively. The activated carbon from vacuum chemical activation has developed micropores, and the N2 adsorption equilibrium constant of the corresponding activated carbon gradually increases with the decrease of reaction system pressure.