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复合词形义对应可以帮助二语学习者准确地识解词义,有效地记忆、运用或类推词语;形义不对应则容易导致学习者词义识解不当,从而影响其对复合词的掌握。本文以致使性动宾复合词“X+N_(役事)”为例进行个案考察,发现构式性是造成其形义失谐的根本原因;问卷测试结果则表明,形义失谐导致学习者对其致使义的感知度较低、不易接受新生致使词、容易误解或混淆同构的致使词或逆序的动宾式与主谓式。基于此,本文提出四点教学建议:对外汉语教学需关注类似致使性动宾复合词这样形义不对应的词法的特殊性,此类复合词的教学需有显隐之别,分类型与分层次教学需结合,恰当处理教学中的构词问题。
Compound word meaning correspondence can help second language learners to accurately understand the meaning of words, effectively memorize, use or analogy words; meaning is not corresponding easily lead to misunderstandings of learners meaning, thus affecting their mastery of compound words. In this paper, we make the case study of the sex-verb compound word “X + N_ (ministry)” as an example, and find that the constructivism is the root cause of its shape-misunderstanding. The questionnaire test results show that the shape- Learners are less aware of their righteousness, not easy to accept the words produced by freshmen, easy to misunderstand or confuse the same word or the same verb-object and verb-object-verb. Based on this, this paper proposes four teaching suggestions: teaching Chinese as a foreign language needs to pay attention to the particularity of the lexical meanings that make the verb-object compound words that are not corresponding to each other. The teaching of such compound words needs to be obviously different, Need to combine, proper treatment of word formation in teaching.