论文部分内容阅读
很多学生对做任务型阅读题有一种畏惧心理。其实如果掌握了做此种题型的一些技巧和方法，再加上适当的练习，得高分并不是十分困难的事。要想做好任务型阅读，应在平时上课过程中打牢基础。不能简单地认为到了高三，大量地做一些此种类型的题就可以提高。这种题考的是综合能力，而综合能力并非一日之功可以做到。所以，同学们应该在平时的学习中注重综合能力的培养。
首先，我想说说任务型阅读的训练途径。
这种练习包括词性转换练习，词形转换练习，英语释义与浓缩概括练习，逆向思维练习等。单词转换练习很有用。现在有很多的学生甚至一些老师认为，高考已经没有这种题型了，干嘛还要花时间在这上面，有做这种题的时间还不如做几份高考试卷呢。我觉得这种想法不可取。这其实是做任务型阅读的基础。
1．词性转换练习
用所给词的适当形式填空。
The car rushed at the bridge at astonishing speed. (astonish)
The postal service here is very unreliable. (serve)
He was an headmaster before retirement. (retire)
The exam was relatively easy. (relative)
2．词形转换练习
根据提示用意义相同的词完成各句，每格一词。
The boy felt uncomfortable with his new classmates. (not comfortable)
3．英语释义与浓缩概括练习
At any rate, the medical supplies will reach you within a week. (things such as food, medicines, etc. that are needed by a group of people)
4．逆向思维练习
根据提示，用意义相反的词完成各句，每格一词。
I am unable to cycle to school because my bicycle is broken. (be able to do)
The rough road made the car vibrate. (smooth)
我们还可以通过课文复习和专项限时练习来训练，以提高做任务型阅读的能力。
任务型阅读的题目类型归纳如下：
1．直来直去的。也就是说从原文中可以找到原词，无需变化的。
2．文中有原形但需要稍加改动的。这一类大多是一些词性转化，短语的转换和一些固定搭配等等。
如：原文中 Mary apologized to her mother for what she did yesterday.
Mary made a (an) apology to her mother for what she did yesterday.
3．完全要自己总结的。
这类题常会用到的有：purpose, aim, advantage, disadvantage, definition, destination, reason (the reason for), cause, features, consequences, opinions等等。
其次，要找到做任务型阅读的切入点。
找准切入点对高效率地完成任务型阅读非常关键。我认为仔细分析提示句(空格所在句子)，判断所填词的词性、词形是做任务型阅读的切入点。
根据句式和语法结构来分析提示句能够使我们很容易的推导出所填词的性、形、数。这对精确填词、准确表述有很大帮助。有时甚至可以不看文章，直接根据短语搭配填出答案。当然，我们并不提倡贸然填词，还是要在看完文章确认之后再下结论。
最后，简单说一下任务型阅读的解题步骤。
1．略读。快速浏览全文，理清文章基本结构。
2．扫读。扫读图表，分析表格结构和内容,准确定位填空的要求。
3．细读。深入理解文章内容,分析整合信息、准确表达。
4．复查。通观全篇，复读检查。
下面结合《江苏08高考英语科目考试说明》中的示例1说一下任务型阅读的解题方法和技巧。
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。
Traveling on the Information Superhighway
In the early 1900s, few people outside of the governments and universities had ever heard the term Internet. The World Wide Web was in its infancy (初期). Back then if you said to someone, “Send me an email with directions to your house,” all you would have received is a puzzled look. Technology has become a long way since those days. Today, the Internet connects millions of computers around the globe, making a worldwide exchange of information possible.
The Internet is often called the “information superhighway”. That’s because vast amounts of information travel over it. If you searched the word grasshopper, for instance, you would have thousands of sites to look at. Some sites would give information on these insects. Other sites would be companies with “grasshopper” in their names.
Still other sites might want to sell you books about grasshopper.
In addition to information, the Internet also offers one of the greatest inventions in communications: electronic mail, or email for short. Email is the brainchild of a shrewd (精明的) man named Ray Tomlinson. He developed the program and sent himself the first email in 1971. He isn’t sure, but he thinks his first message was QWERTYUIOP (the top row of letters on a keyboard). As a result of Tomlinson’s invention of email, the way in which the world communicates has changed.
Thanks to email, you can communicate with a student in London and find out how his weather experiment is going. Email has also changed the speed with which we exchange information. In minutes, you can contact another person who shares your love of kites or stamps. Your aunt and uncle can send you pictures of their new puppy without ever leaving their home. If you are sick and can’t attend school, your teacher can email you the assignments you have missed. You can even send email to a grasshopper expert and ask questions for a research paper.
However, there is one big disadvantage when you use email. Unlike a letter you send through the mail, email is NOT private. It can be received by anyone with access to your receiver’s computer. Your receiver could also forward it to other people—so be careful. Do not say anything in an email that you wouldn’t say in front of a crowd.
第一步，略读。
快速浏览全文，理清文章基本结构，观察题目，尽量获取有效信息。
有了对文章整体结构和中心思想的了解，剩下的只要根据每个空格所在句子中的关键词，有的放矢地到原文找答案就是了。
通过观察，题目是以文章结构图呈现的，我们可以快速、清楚地了解到以下几点信息：主干标题The Internet告诉我们，这篇文章主要说明因特网功效和好处；
分支结构表明，文章中举出一些事例说明因特网功效和优点；
文章最后也提到了因特网带来的问题。
第二步，扫读。
扫读图表，分析表格结构和内容,准确定位填空的要求。仔细分析提示句 (空格所在句子)，判断所填词的词性、词形，提高填词的准确性。任务型阅读在题目设置过程中，提示句的提炼十分精要，所包含的信息量很大。因此，根据句式和语法结构来分析提示句能够使我们很容易的推导出所填词的性、形、数。这对精确填词、准确表述有很大帮助。有时甚至可以不看文章，直接根据短语搭配填出答案。
例如样题中各词的词性分别是：(1) 动词原形 (vi.)；(2) 动词原形 (vt.)；(3) 名词；(4) 名词；(5) 形容词；(6) 动词原形 (vi.)；(7) 名词 / 动名词 (8) 介词 / 动名词 (vt.)；(9) 形容词；(10) 形容词
在了解所要填写词的词性和词形之后，我们选词的范围就大大缩小了。在原文中找到相关信息后，具体填词或表述时，就不容易出错了。
第三步，细读。
深入理解文章内容, 分析整合信息、准确表达。快速阅读文章，有目的地查找相关信息，按照要求规范答题。快速浏览的重点和目的应当是，带着审题时对文章大意和结构的了解以及所获得的问题，以最快的速度到文章相应的位置中搜寻有效信息。浏览文章时，不要过多考虑某些词句的意义，更不必进行细致的语法分析。和欣赏文章不同，我们阅读文章材料的最终目的是解决问题，完成答题任务。所以只要对答题没有太大影响，即使文章中有些词句看不明白也没多大关系。除非某些句子所包含的内容直接影响对文章主旨大意的理解或者对空格填词有重要作用，否则就不需要在这些方面花太多时间。
需要注意的是，有些题目可以在原文中直接找出；有些需要在分析原文句子的基础上，结合题目特殊要求，填写出相关的不同词性的派生词、同义词或近义词等等；有些则需要推理；还有些需要进行归纳总结或转述句子，在不失原意的基础上把答案正确表述出来。
例如，第 (3) 题原文第4段就明显给出答案Thanks to email。而第 (1) 题题目设置是The Internet enables us to (1) in a new way.，所要填写的是一个不及物动词的原形。原文表述：In addition to information, the Internet also offers one of the greatest inventions in communication.，我们需要将原文名词communication改为动词形式communicate即可。这样填词精确到位、符合题意。
【参考答案】
(1) communicate；(2) exchange；(3) email；(4) way；(5) higher；(6) contact；(7) common(8) Despite；(9) careful；(10) private
第四步，复查。
通观全篇，仔细复核校对，认真仔细地填好答案。
完成所有答题之后，还需要再次快速读完文章，注意校对各题的答案。查看各题答案是否前后对应，确保与原文无矛盾，同时查看文中是否有疏忽的重要线索。
最后要注意大小写、字迹等细节问题，以规范答题，求得最佳解题效果。
（作者：席云红，灌南华侨双语学校高中部）
首先，我想说说任务型阅读的训练途径。
这种练习包括词性转换练习，词形转换练习，英语释义与浓缩概括练习，逆向思维练习等。单词转换练习很有用。现在有很多的学生甚至一些老师认为，高考已经没有这种题型了，干嘛还要花时间在这上面，有做这种题的时间还不如做几份高考试卷呢。我觉得这种想法不可取。这其实是做任务型阅读的基础。
1．词性转换练习
用所给词的适当形式填空。
The car rushed at the bridge at astonishing speed. (astonish)
The postal service here is very unreliable. (serve)
He was an headmaster before retirement. (retire)
The exam was relatively easy. (relative)
2．词形转换练习
根据提示用意义相同的词完成各句，每格一词。
The boy felt uncomfortable with his new classmates. (not comfortable)
3．英语释义与浓缩概括练习
At any rate, the medical supplies will reach you within a week. (things such as food, medicines, etc. that are needed by a group of people)
4．逆向思维练习
根据提示，用意义相反的词完成各句，每格一词。
I am unable to cycle to school because my bicycle is broken. (be able to do)
The rough road made the car vibrate. (smooth)
我们还可以通过课文复习和专项限时练习来训练，以提高做任务型阅读的能力。
任务型阅读的题目类型归纳如下：
1．直来直去的。也就是说从原文中可以找到原词，无需变化的。
2．文中有原形但需要稍加改动的。这一类大多是一些词性转化，短语的转换和一些固定搭配等等。
如：原文中 Mary apologized to her mother for what she did yesterday.
Mary made a (an) apology to her mother for what she did yesterday.
3．完全要自己总结的。
这类题常会用到的有：purpose, aim, advantage, disadvantage, definition, destination, reason (the reason for), cause, features, consequences, opinions等等。
其次，要找到做任务型阅读的切入点。
找准切入点对高效率地完成任务型阅读非常关键。我认为仔细分析提示句(空格所在句子)，判断所填词的词性、词形是做任务型阅读的切入点。
根据句式和语法结构来分析提示句能够使我们很容易的推导出所填词的性、形、数。这对精确填词、准确表述有很大帮助。有时甚至可以不看文章，直接根据短语搭配填出答案。当然，我们并不提倡贸然填词，还是要在看完文章确认之后再下结论。
最后，简单说一下任务型阅读的解题步骤。
1．略读。快速浏览全文，理清文章基本结构。
2．扫读。扫读图表，分析表格结构和内容,准确定位填空的要求。
3．细读。深入理解文章内容,分析整合信息、准确表达。
4．复查。通观全篇，复读检查。
下面结合《江苏08高考英语科目考试说明》中的示例1说一下任务型阅读的解题方法和技巧。
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。
Traveling on the Information Superhighway
In the early 1900s, few people outside of the governments and universities had ever heard the term Internet. The World Wide Web was in its infancy (初期). Back then if you said to someone, “Send me an email with directions to your house,” all you would have received is a puzzled look. Technology has become a long way since those days. Today, the Internet connects millions of computers around the globe, making a worldwide exchange of information possible.
The Internet is often called the “information superhighway”. That’s because vast amounts of information travel over it. If you searched the word grasshopper, for instance, you would have thousands of sites to look at. Some sites would give information on these insects. Other sites would be companies with “grasshopper” in their names.
Still other sites might want to sell you books about grasshopper.
In addition to information, the Internet also offers one of the greatest inventions in communications: electronic mail, or email for short. Email is the brainchild of a shrewd (精明的) man named Ray Tomlinson. He developed the program and sent himself the first email in 1971. He isn’t sure, but he thinks his first message was QWERTYUIOP (the top row of letters on a keyboard). As a result of Tomlinson’s invention of email, the way in which the world communicates has changed.
Thanks to email, you can communicate with a student in London and find out how his weather experiment is going. Email has also changed the speed with which we exchange information. In minutes, you can contact another person who shares your love of kites or stamps. Your aunt and uncle can send you pictures of their new puppy without ever leaving their home. If you are sick and can’t attend school, your teacher can email you the assignments you have missed. You can even send email to a grasshopper expert and ask questions for a research paper.
However, there is one big disadvantage when you use email. Unlike a letter you send through the mail, email is NOT private. It can be received by anyone with access to your receiver’s computer. Your receiver could also forward it to other people—so be careful. Do not say anything in an email that you wouldn’t say in front of a crowd.
第一步，略读。
快速浏览全文，理清文章基本结构，观察题目，尽量获取有效信息。
有了对文章整体结构和中心思想的了解，剩下的只要根据每个空格所在句子中的关键词，有的放矢地到原文找答案就是了。
通过观察，题目是以文章结构图呈现的，我们可以快速、清楚地了解到以下几点信息：主干标题The Internet告诉我们，这篇文章主要说明因特网功效和好处；
分支结构表明，文章中举出一些事例说明因特网功效和优点；
文章最后也提到了因特网带来的问题。
第二步，扫读。
扫读图表，分析表格结构和内容,准确定位填空的要求。仔细分析提示句 (空格所在句子)，判断所填词的词性、词形，提高填词的准确性。任务型阅读在题目设置过程中，提示句的提炼十分精要，所包含的信息量很大。因此，根据句式和语法结构来分析提示句能够使我们很容易的推导出所填词的性、形、数。这对精确填词、准确表述有很大帮助。有时甚至可以不看文章，直接根据短语搭配填出答案。
例如样题中各词的词性分别是：(1) 动词原形 (vi.)；(2) 动词原形 (vt.)；(3) 名词；(4) 名词；(5) 形容词；(6) 动词原形 (vi.)；(7) 名词 / 动名词 (8) 介词 / 动名词 (vt.)；(9) 形容词；(10) 形容词
在了解所要填写词的词性和词形之后，我们选词的范围就大大缩小了。在原文中找到相关信息后，具体填词或表述时，就不容易出错了。
第三步，细读。
深入理解文章内容, 分析整合信息、准确表达。快速阅读文章，有目的地查找相关信息，按照要求规范答题。快速浏览的重点和目的应当是，带着审题时对文章大意和结构的了解以及所获得的问题，以最快的速度到文章相应的位置中搜寻有效信息。浏览文章时，不要过多考虑某些词句的意义，更不必进行细致的语法分析。和欣赏文章不同，我们阅读文章材料的最终目的是解决问题，完成答题任务。所以只要对答题没有太大影响，即使文章中有些词句看不明白也没多大关系。除非某些句子所包含的内容直接影响对文章主旨大意的理解或者对空格填词有重要作用，否则就不需要在这些方面花太多时间。
需要注意的是，有些题目可以在原文中直接找出；有些需要在分析原文句子的基础上，结合题目特殊要求，填写出相关的不同词性的派生词、同义词或近义词等等；有些则需要推理；还有些需要进行归纳总结或转述句子，在不失原意的基础上把答案正确表述出来。
例如，第 (3) 题原文第4段就明显给出答案Thanks to email。而第 (1) 题题目设置是The Internet enables us to (1) in a new way.，所要填写的是一个不及物动词的原形。原文表述：In addition to information, the Internet also offers one of the greatest inventions in communication.，我们需要将原文名词communication改为动词形式communicate即可。这样填词精确到位、符合题意。
【参考答案】
(1) communicate；(2) exchange；(3) email；(4) way；(5) higher；(6) contact；(7) common(8) Despite；(9) careful；(10) private
第四步，复查。
通观全篇，仔细复核校对，认真仔细地填好答案。
完成所有答题之后，还需要再次快速读完文章，注意校对各题的答案。查看各题答案是否前后对应，确保与原文无矛盾，同时查看文中是否有疏忽的重要线索。
最后要注意大小写、字迹等细节问题，以规范答题，求得最佳解题效果。
（作者：席云红，灌南华侨双语学校高中部）