在过去十年中,加拿大设立由联邦政府和各省政府的司法行政部门的代表组成的联合委员会开展了对刑事冤案(即错误定罪案件,以下简称冤案)的全面研究。这个现在定名为“联邦/省/地区检察部门负责人预防错误定罪委员会”的组织已经发表了两份重要报告,揭示了加拿大发生冤案的基本原因,提出了预防冤案发生的一系列实际建议。报告在加拿大司法界产生了重要的影响。报告中提出的观点甚至被加拿大最高法院在判决中运用,因而成为判例法的内容。本文根据中国面临的问题,对这两份加拿大报告的内容加以分析比较,并分析加拿大的冤案预防制度和冤案改正程序。笔者有幸从事加拿大对华刑事司法交流近二十年,希望此文有助于中国学者分享加拿大预防及纠正冤案的经验。 Over the past decade, Canada has set up a joint commission composed of representatives of the federal government and provincial administrations of justice to conduct a comprehensive study of criminal miscarriage of justice (ie, false conviction, hereinafter referred to as “injustice”). The organization, now known as the Federal / Provincial / District Attorney General’s Office for the Prevention of Misconduct Committees, has issued two important reports that shed light on the basic causes of unjust cases in Canada and put forward a series of practical proposals to prevent injustices . The report has had a significant impact on the Canadian judiciary. The points raised in the report were even used by the Supreme Court of Canada in judgments and have thus become the subject of case law. Based on the problems China faces, this article analyzes and compares the content of the two Canadian reports and analyzes Canada’s injustice prevention system and injustice correction procedures. I was fortunate enough to engage in Canadian criminal justice exchanges with China for nearly two decades. I hope this article will help Chinese scholars share Canada’s experience in preventing and redressing injustice.