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[摘要]以江苏牛津高中英语模块三第三单元课文“Lost Civilizations”为例,分析教师如何在高中英语阅读教学中利用有效问题,在读前、读中、读后的活动中开启学生的思维之门,拓展学生的思维深度,促进学生的批判性思维从而提升学生的阅读思维能力。
[关键词]有效问题阅读能力思维能力
[中图分类号]G633.41[文献标识码]A[文章编号]16746058(2015)270039
《普通高中英语新课程标准(实验)》(以下简称《课程标准》)指出,应将学生思维能力的培养有机地融入教学活动中(教育部,2003)。思维能力的培养离不开有效问题的设计。有效问题指能够吸引注意力、激发思考以及带来真正学习结果的问题。(Walsh, Sattes,2005:150)。本文以江苏牛津高中英语模块三第三单元课文“Lost Civilizations”为例,探讨在读前、读中、读后活动中设计有效问题,促进学生思维能力的发展。
一、科学导入,激活背景知识,开启思维之门
在读前,预设问题要巧用插图、背景图和标题等,激活学生的背景知识,开启思维之门,同时为读中、读后的思维活动做好充分的铺垫。“Lost Civilizations”由五个日记组成,介绍了庞贝和楼兰的事实信息以及作者的游后感。笔者请学生在优美的音乐声中欣赏世界各地的文化遗址图片,如中国的莫高窟、意大利的比萨斜塔、希腊的雅典卫城等,开拓了学生的视野,同时请学生探讨游记可能会涉及的内容。
T: Usually people would like to take pictures about the places they are visiting for memory. Besides pictures, what else would they like to do to keep the beautiful memory?
S: They also like to write diary entries to record what they saw, the activities they did and their feelings.
二、利用有效问题,理解文本细节,拓展思维深度
在读中,预设问题不仅要帮助学生把握文本脉络和主旨,扫除影响理解的语言障碍,更要引导学生辨识和比较事实、观点,推敲作者的写作意图,进一步理解文本内容,不断深化学生思维。学生通过读前活动了解到游记会涉及文化遗址的历史信息;通过阅读第二和第四两篇日记比较、归纳、综合文本提供的信息,进一步了解两座城市的相似和不同点。在了解历史信息的基础上通过作者参观感受这条线,学生在与教师和文本的互动中进一步体会文本体现的感情倾向和文化内涵,加深对语言以及文化的感受力,拓展思维深度,提高英语思维品质。以下是课堂教学中,教师与学生互动的部分片段。
T: Why did Ann feel “amazed”? Read the third diary and find out.
S1: Ann saw the streets as they had been, with stepping stones along the road so people did not have to step in the mud on rainy days! The people 2000 years ago were so smart to think of that idea. So it was amazing!
S2: The houses were decorated with wall paintings. The people 2000 years ago enjoyed a civilized life. So it was amazing!
S3:...
三、抓住文本思想设计问题,促进批判性思维
《课程标准》在内容标准部分将批判性思维能力列为高中英语教学应当着重培养的能力之一。在读后,预设开放或半开放问题,鼓励学生质疑和分析作者观点、阐述自己的看法,有利于培養学生的批判性思维能力。笔者请学生结合文本谈读后感,学生在再次全文阅读的过程中进一步理解、熟悉、记忆文本内容和语言知识,批判性地接受作者通过文本向读者传递的信息;同时在进行语言实践的过程中,促进了学生对知识和技能的内化。
T:We have read about what Ann saw and her feelings. What is your feeling now? Why? Please read through the whole passage and find out. You can use the information that impressed you most in the diary entries.
S1: I feel sad. Pompeii is lost because of the eruption of the volcano, which is beyond our power. However, Lou lan is lost because of human being’s activity. Lou lan people cut down many trees and destroyed the environment. As a result, it is buried by the sand and lost. Otherwise, we would visit the fascinating place nowadays.
[参考文献]
[1]Walsh, J. A. Sattes, B. D. Quality Questioning [M]. America: Corwin Press, 2005.
[2]教育部. 普通高中英语课程标准(实验)[M]. 北京:人民教育出版社,2003.
(责任编辑黄晓)
[关键词]有效问题阅读能力思维能力
[中图分类号]G633.41[文献标识码]A[文章编号]16746058(2015)270039
《普通高中英语新课程标准(实验)》(以下简称《课程标准》)指出,应将学生思维能力的培养有机地融入教学活动中(教育部,2003)。思维能力的培养离不开有效问题的设计。有效问题指能够吸引注意力、激发思考以及带来真正学习结果的问题。(Walsh, Sattes,2005:150)。本文以江苏牛津高中英语模块三第三单元课文“Lost Civilizations”为例,探讨在读前、读中、读后活动中设计有效问题,促进学生思维能力的发展。
一、科学导入,激活背景知识,开启思维之门
在读前,预设问题要巧用插图、背景图和标题等,激活学生的背景知识,开启思维之门,同时为读中、读后的思维活动做好充分的铺垫。“Lost Civilizations”由五个日记组成,介绍了庞贝和楼兰的事实信息以及作者的游后感。笔者请学生在优美的音乐声中欣赏世界各地的文化遗址图片,如中国的莫高窟、意大利的比萨斜塔、希腊的雅典卫城等,开拓了学生的视野,同时请学生探讨游记可能会涉及的内容。
T: Usually people would like to take pictures about the places they are visiting for memory. Besides pictures, what else would they like to do to keep the beautiful memory?
S: They also like to write diary entries to record what they saw, the activities they did and their feelings.
二、利用有效问题,理解文本细节,拓展思维深度
在读中,预设问题不仅要帮助学生把握文本脉络和主旨,扫除影响理解的语言障碍,更要引导学生辨识和比较事实、观点,推敲作者的写作意图,进一步理解文本内容,不断深化学生思维。学生通过读前活动了解到游记会涉及文化遗址的历史信息;通过阅读第二和第四两篇日记比较、归纳、综合文本提供的信息,进一步了解两座城市的相似和不同点。在了解历史信息的基础上通过作者参观感受这条线,学生在与教师和文本的互动中进一步体会文本体现的感情倾向和文化内涵,加深对语言以及文化的感受力,拓展思维深度,提高英语思维品质。以下是课堂教学中,教师与学生互动的部分片段。
T: Why did Ann feel “amazed”? Read the third diary and find out.
S1: Ann saw the streets as they had been, with stepping stones along the road so people did not have to step in the mud on rainy days! The people 2000 years ago were so smart to think of that idea. So it was amazing!
S2: The houses were decorated with wall paintings. The people 2000 years ago enjoyed a civilized life. So it was amazing!
S3:...
三、抓住文本思想设计问题,促进批判性思维
《课程标准》在内容标准部分将批判性思维能力列为高中英语教学应当着重培养的能力之一。在读后,预设开放或半开放问题,鼓励学生质疑和分析作者观点、阐述自己的看法,有利于培養学生的批判性思维能力。笔者请学生结合文本谈读后感,学生在再次全文阅读的过程中进一步理解、熟悉、记忆文本内容和语言知识,批判性地接受作者通过文本向读者传递的信息;同时在进行语言实践的过程中,促进了学生对知识和技能的内化。
T:We have read about what Ann saw and her feelings. What is your feeling now? Why? Please read through the whole passage and find out. You can use the information that impressed you most in the diary entries.
S1: I feel sad. Pompeii is lost because of the eruption of the volcano, which is beyond our power. However, Lou lan is lost because of human being’s activity. Lou lan people cut down many trees and destroyed the environment. As a result, it is buried by the sand and lost. Otherwise, we would visit the fascinating place nowadays.
[参考文献]
[1]Walsh, J. A. Sattes, B. D. Quality Questioning [M]. America: Corwin Press, 2005.
[2]教育部. 普通高中英语课程标准(实验)[M]. 北京:人民教育出版社,2003.
(责任编辑黄晓)