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采用盆栽实验研究了Zn(0、1.0、5.0、10.0和20.0mg·kg–1)对不同油菜品种(‘罗平金菜子’(Brassica juncea)、‘二牛尾’(B.juncea)、‘溧阳苦菜’(B.juncea)、‘南通黄油菜’(B.chinensis)、‘H33’(B.napus))的光合特性、根尖细胞超微结构及籽粒富锌的影响。结果显示,5个油菜品种在品种之间、Zn处理浓度之间,根、茎、叶、籽粒及植株干重、光合特性、Zn含量和积累量的差异性均达到显著水平;品种与Zn浓度的交互效应也达到显著水平。在Zn≤5.0mg·kg–1范围内,Zn增加了超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)等抗氧化酶活性、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)以及蒸腾速率(Tr),提高了油菜茎、叶、籽粒干重及总干重。油菜产量(籽粒干重)在5.0mg·kg–1Zn时达到最大值,各品种分别较对照增加了37.7%、23.4%、29.5%、82.6%和18.0%。在Zn处理浓度为20.0mg·kg–1时,‘罗平金菜子’、‘二牛尾’、‘南通黄油菜’和‘溧阳苦菜’根尖细胞出现不同程度的线粒体肿胀、细胞壁增厚、细胞核萎缩且内容物较少,而‘H33’中根尖细胞结构较CK处理差异不明显,细胞结构较为完整。5个品种的籽粒Zn积累量随Zn浓度先增加,在5.0mg·kg–1Zn时达到最大值,然后下降。‘二牛尾’的籽粒Zn含量和籽粒Zn积累量在5.0和10.0mg·kg–1Zn处理时为5个品种最高或次高,分别为172.34和164.10mg·kg–1、2.932和2.575mg·pot–1。
Pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of Zn (0, 1.0, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 mg · kg-1) on the growth of Brassica juncea, B. juncea, B.juncea, B.chinensis and B.napus), the ultrastructure of root tip cells and the effect of zinc enrichment in grains. The results showed that there were significant differences in the dry matter weight, photosynthetic characteristics, Zn content and accumulation among five varieties of rapeseeds among varieties, Zn treatments, roots, stems, leaves, grains and plants; The interaction effect also reached a significant level. In Zn ≤ 5.0 mg · kg-1, Zn increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) ), Stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) increased the dry weight and total dry weight of stem, leaf and grain in rapeseed. The maximum yield of rapeseed (dry weight of kernel) reached 5.0mg · kg-1Zn, which increased by 37.7%, 23.4%, 29.5%, 82.6% and 18.0% respectively compared with the control. At Zn concentration of 20.0 mg · kg-1, mitochondrial swelling, cell wall thickening, nuclei were observed in root tip cells of ’Rupinopodium rutinus’, ’Two oxtail’, ’Nantong butterseed’ and ’Liyang bitter’ Atrophy and less content, and ’H33’ root tip cell structure than the CK treatment was not obvious, the cell structure is more complete. The accumulation of Zn in five cultivars increased first with Zn concentration and reached the maximum at 5.0 mg · kg-1 Zn, then decreased. The contents of Zn and Zn in grain of ’two oxtail’ were the highest or second highest among the five varieties at 5.0 and 10.0 mg · kg-1 Zn treatments, which were 172.34 and 164.10 mg · kg -1, 2.92 and 2.575 mg · pot, respectively -1.