论文部分内容阅读
摘 要:阅读文章中的词汇教学一直是初中英语教学中的一个难点。本文针对当前阅读教学与词汇教学相脱离的实际问题,通过以课例为载体,结合教学实例,探讨如何实现阅读课中阅读教学与词汇教学的有效结合,提高词汇教学的有效性。
关键词:阅读课 词汇教学
新教材Go For It 从八年级下开始增加了篇幅较长的阅读文章,阅读课中大量的词汇给教学带来了挑战,很多教师对此束手无策,学生也是畏难而退,长而久之,学生对学习英语失去了兴趣。早在1984年,语言学家库珀(COOPER)就研究发现,词汇是影响学生理解阅读材料的最大障碍。词汇教学在阅读教学中起着至关重要的作用。因此,在初中英语阅读教学中进行有效的词汇教学成为提高课堂实效的关键所在。
一、目前初中英语阅读课教学中词汇教学的现状
现状一:阅读课教学中,新词汇“忽略不计”。阅读课前,教师让学生已经预习,默写过新词汇,这样虽为阅读扫清了障碍,但是脱离语境呈现单词,使学生觉得枯燥无味,容易遗忘,而且对学生阅读能力培养极为不利。
现状二:学生在阅读中进行词汇教学。教师在阅读中讲解生词,遇到一个讲一个,忽略了语篇层次,使文章支离破碎,违背了词汇教学服务于文字材料的理解规律。
针对词汇教学的现状,本文将结合新教材Go For It 八年级下Unit 9 Have you ever been to Singapore?,探讨英语阅读教学中词汇教学的有效策略,提高学生阅读课中学习词汇的有效性。
二、教学实例与反思
1、教材分析
Go For It 八年级下Unit 9 Have you ever been to Singapore?的阅读材料是一篇介绍新加坡的文章,它要求学生了解有关新加坡的知识。主要从语言,食物,动物园和温度四个方面展开对新加坡的了解和学习。文章篇幅较长,词汇量大,对大多数学生而言有相当的难度。
1、词汇教学片断分析
(1)读前预热,浅尝感知
教学片断(一)
教师根据屏幕上呈现的Atom的图片提问
T: Do you know him?
S: Yes, he is Atom.
T: What do you think of him?
S: He is very friendly. He is always ready to help others.
S: He is warm-hearted.
……
T: Yes, I think he is also brave and fears nothing.(斜体字为本课的新单词)
分析与反思:导入部分通过用一个学生非常熟悉的卡通人物形象,在师生问答中,让学生有话可说,在师生互动过程中,不露痕迹地引出本节课的新词汇,让学生在循序渐进中慢慢领悟新词汇。
教学片断(二)
T: Atom likes traveling. He has been to many countries. Can you guess what countries he has been to?
S: France
……
T: This year he wants to Singapore to take a holiday. Have you ever been to Singapore?
S: No
T: Now let’s see a video about Singapore. After seeing, let’s get the information about language, location, food, population, interesting places , weather/temperature. (斜体字为本课的新单词)
分析与反思:通过Atom的旅行爱好,引出take a holiday 这一词组,再让学生通过观看介绍新加坡的短片,调动学生的学习兴趣,以此来激活学生的背景知识,引出了新的词汇。这种方式使学生对所学词汇的关注度较高,为下面的阅读奠定基础,扫除阅读障碍。
(2)读中穿插,深化理解
教学片断(三)
T: Read Paragraph One and tell me how many parts the para1 there are.
S: Three. (location, population and language)
T: Where is Singapore?
S: It’s in Southeast Asia.
T: What about the population?
S: More than three quarters of the population are Chinese.
T: What language do they speak in Singapore?
S: Chinese and Putonghua
T: So I think Singapore is a wonderful place to take a holiday.(斜体部分为新词汇)
分析与反思:教师通过让学生细读第一段文章,逐步梳理文章的段落。通过在一个又一个紧扣文章的提问中,让学生找到目标词汇并加以运用,架起有效使用词汇的阶梯。
教学片断(四)
T: There is a very special place in Singapore? Do you know?
S: There is a Night Safari.
T: Yes. What is it? Is it a beautiful park or a zoo?
S: A zoo.
T: When do people go to the zoo in Singapore?
S: At night.
T: When do we go to the zoo?
S: During the daytime.
T: How do you feel when you go to the zoo at night?
S: I feel scary because I am afraid of the dark.(斜体部分为新词汇)
分析与反思:依托语境进行词汇教学是一种行之有效的策略,有助于培养学生的猜词能力。教师利用语境来猜测词义,通过设计一些学生日常生活中喜闻乐见的东西,使学生有话可说,课堂上师生互动明显。如果脱离语境进行词汇教学,即使学生记住了词汇的形式和意义,也很难将其运用于实际活动中。因此,词汇教学应融入到句子和篇章的教学中,做到词不离句,句不离篇。(魏恒健,2007)
(3)读后活动,内化运用
教学片断(五)
教师任务设计如下:Now you are a guide in a travel agency (旅行社),please introduce Singapore for your tourists. The following words and phrases can help you:
Location: Southeast Asia, close to , equator Weather: temperature, all year round, season spring, summer, autumn, winter Language: Putonghua, an English-speaking country, population, three quarters
Food: from all over the world, Indian food
Place to go: Night Safari, fox, natural environment, wake up, awake, fear, dark
学生成果:
Singapore is a wonderful place to take a holiday. It’s in Southeast Asia. It is close to the equator, so the temperature is the same all year round. You can choose to go whenever you like, spring, summer, autumn, or winter. Singapore is an English-speaking country though three quarters of the population there speak Chinese. It has different kinds of food from all over the world. And if you want to go somewhere exciting, you can go to the Night Safari! There are many animals in it, such as foxes, tigers, lions and so on. It is a natural environment for animals to live in. It opens at night, at that time, most animals are awake. Maybe some girls will fear because it is dark at night, but I think it is very exciting. If you are interested in it, you can go with me!
分析与反思:教师把重点词汇进行提炼归类,鼓励学生运用新词汇把重点知识进行串联,让学生根据本节课的目标词汇用导游的身份来介绍新加坡。通过这种方法进一步巩固了新的词汇,达到了很好的复习效果,在一定程度上培养了学生的创新和写作能力。
三、结束语
总之,在英语阅读课词汇教学中,教师要本着以“学生为主,教师为导”的原则,分读前、读中、读后三个阶段进行词汇教学。这样,既不会产生因强调阅读而淡化词汇教学的现象,也不会因词汇学习而弱化对学生阅读能力的培养,从而有效地处理了阅读教学与词汇教学之间的关系。不仅积累了学生的词汇,还培养了其良好阅读习惯,形成了正确的阅读策略。当然,在阅读中进行词汇教学的方法是多种多样的,教师要敢于根据学生实际,选择合适方法大胆实践,化解学生词汇学习的难度,提升学生词汇学习的质量。
参考文献
1、常万里.2010.依托语境的词汇教学实践研究.中小学外语教学
2、金敏子.2011.阅读课中的词汇教学模式初探.中小学外语教学
3、魏恒健.2007.新课程理念下的高中英语词汇教学.中小学外语教学
关键词:阅读课 词汇教学
新教材Go For It 从八年级下开始增加了篇幅较长的阅读文章,阅读课中大量的词汇给教学带来了挑战,很多教师对此束手无策,学生也是畏难而退,长而久之,学生对学习英语失去了兴趣。早在1984年,语言学家库珀(COOPER)就研究发现,词汇是影响学生理解阅读材料的最大障碍。词汇教学在阅读教学中起着至关重要的作用。因此,在初中英语阅读教学中进行有效的词汇教学成为提高课堂实效的关键所在。
一、目前初中英语阅读课教学中词汇教学的现状
现状一:阅读课教学中,新词汇“忽略不计”。阅读课前,教师让学生已经预习,默写过新词汇,这样虽为阅读扫清了障碍,但是脱离语境呈现单词,使学生觉得枯燥无味,容易遗忘,而且对学生阅读能力培养极为不利。
现状二:学生在阅读中进行词汇教学。教师在阅读中讲解生词,遇到一个讲一个,忽略了语篇层次,使文章支离破碎,违背了词汇教学服务于文字材料的理解规律。
针对词汇教学的现状,本文将结合新教材Go For It 八年级下Unit 9 Have you ever been to Singapore?,探讨英语阅读教学中词汇教学的有效策略,提高学生阅读课中学习词汇的有效性。
二、教学实例与反思
1、教材分析
Go For It 八年级下Unit 9 Have you ever been to Singapore?的阅读材料是一篇介绍新加坡的文章,它要求学生了解有关新加坡的知识。主要从语言,食物,动物园和温度四个方面展开对新加坡的了解和学习。文章篇幅较长,词汇量大,对大多数学生而言有相当的难度。
1、词汇教学片断分析
(1)读前预热,浅尝感知
教学片断(一)
教师根据屏幕上呈现的Atom的图片提问
T: Do you know him?
S: Yes, he is Atom.
T: What do you think of him?
S: He is very friendly. He is always ready to help others.
S: He is warm-hearted.
……
T: Yes, I think he is also brave and fears nothing.(斜体字为本课的新单词)
分析与反思:导入部分通过用一个学生非常熟悉的卡通人物形象,在师生问答中,让学生有话可说,在师生互动过程中,不露痕迹地引出本节课的新词汇,让学生在循序渐进中慢慢领悟新词汇。
教学片断(二)
T: Atom likes traveling. He has been to many countries. Can you guess what countries he has been to?
S: France
……
T: This year he wants to Singapore to take a holiday. Have you ever been to Singapore?
S: No
T: Now let’s see a video about Singapore. After seeing, let’s get the information about language, location, food, population, interesting places , weather/temperature. (斜体字为本课的新单词)
分析与反思:通过Atom的旅行爱好,引出take a holiday 这一词组,再让学生通过观看介绍新加坡的短片,调动学生的学习兴趣,以此来激活学生的背景知识,引出了新的词汇。这种方式使学生对所学词汇的关注度较高,为下面的阅读奠定基础,扫除阅读障碍。
(2)读中穿插,深化理解
教学片断(三)
T: Read Paragraph One and tell me how many parts the para1 there are.
S: Three. (location, population and language)
T: Where is Singapore?
S: It’s in Southeast Asia.
T: What about the population?
S: More than three quarters of the population are Chinese.
T: What language do they speak in Singapore?
S: Chinese and Putonghua
T: So I think Singapore is a wonderful place to take a holiday.(斜体部分为新词汇)
分析与反思:教师通过让学生细读第一段文章,逐步梳理文章的段落。通过在一个又一个紧扣文章的提问中,让学生找到目标词汇并加以运用,架起有效使用词汇的阶梯。
教学片断(四)
T: There is a very special place in Singapore? Do you know?
S: There is a Night Safari.
T: Yes. What is it? Is it a beautiful park or a zoo?
S: A zoo.
T: When do people go to the zoo in Singapore?
S: At night.
T: When do we go to the zoo?
S: During the daytime.
T: How do you feel when you go to the zoo at night?
S: I feel scary because I am afraid of the dark.(斜体部分为新词汇)
分析与反思:依托语境进行词汇教学是一种行之有效的策略,有助于培养学生的猜词能力。教师利用语境来猜测词义,通过设计一些学生日常生活中喜闻乐见的东西,使学生有话可说,课堂上师生互动明显。如果脱离语境进行词汇教学,即使学生记住了词汇的形式和意义,也很难将其运用于实际活动中。因此,词汇教学应融入到句子和篇章的教学中,做到词不离句,句不离篇。(魏恒健,2007)
(3)读后活动,内化运用
教学片断(五)
教师任务设计如下:Now you are a guide in a travel agency (旅行社),please introduce Singapore for your tourists. The following words and phrases can help you:
Location: Southeast Asia, close to , equator Weather: temperature, all year round, season spring, summer, autumn, winter Language: Putonghua, an English-speaking country, population, three quarters
Food: from all over the world, Indian food
Place to go: Night Safari, fox, natural environment, wake up, awake, fear, dark
学生成果:
Singapore is a wonderful place to take a holiday. It’s in Southeast Asia. It is close to the equator, so the temperature is the same all year round. You can choose to go whenever you like, spring, summer, autumn, or winter. Singapore is an English-speaking country though three quarters of the population there speak Chinese. It has different kinds of food from all over the world. And if you want to go somewhere exciting, you can go to the Night Safari! There are many animals in it, such as foxes, tigers, lions and so on. It is a natural environment for animals to live in. It opens at night, at that time, most animals are awake. Maybe some girls will fear because it is dark at night, but I think it is very exciting. If you are interested in it, you can go with me!
分析与反思:教师把重点词汇进行提炼归类,鼓励学生运用新词汇把重点知识进行串联,让学生根据本节课的目标词汇用导游的身份来介绍新加坡。通过这种方法进一步巩固了新的词汇,达到了很好的复习效果,在一定程度上培养了学生的创新和写作能力。
三、结束语
总之,在英语阅读课词汇教学中,教师要本着以“学生为主,教师为导”的原则,分读前、读中、读后三个阶段进行词汇教学。这样,既不会产生因强调阅读而淡化词汇教学的现象,也不会因词汇学习而弱化对学生阅读能力的培养,从而有效地处理了阅读教学与词汇教学之间的关系。不仅积累了学生的词汇,还培养了其良好阅读习惯,形成了正确的阅读策略。当然,在阅读中进行词汇教学的方法是多种多样的,教师要敢于根据学生实际,选择合适方法大胆实践,化解学生词汇学习的难度,提升学生词汇学习的质量。
参考文献
1、常万里.2010.依托语境的词汇教学实践研究.中小学外语教学
2、金敏子.2011.阅读课中的词汇教学模式初探.中小学外语教学
3、魏恒健.2007.新课程理念下的高中英语词汇教学.中小学外语教学