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对伊犁河流域新垦区杨麦复合及单作系统水分生态特性进行了试验研究。结果显示:(1)小麦需水关键期,灌水后1～2d,两系统麦田0—44cm土层土壤湿度增加了5%左右,复合系统土壤剖面下层(110—154cm)土壤含水量增幅较单作地大。(2)复合系统在水平方向上S2测点小麦吸水根分布最少,垂直方向上20—30cm土层杨树与小麦根系分布最多,两种植物对水分、养分吸收的竞争最激烈。(3)单作小麦千粒重比复合小麦高4.56%,复合型麦田S12测点处小麦千粒重为S2测点处的1.11倍。(4)复合型比单作型小麦的蒸腾速率日均值低30.8g/(m2.h),比麦田100cm3土面日蒸发量低1.07g/d,比日均温低0.46℃左右,比土温低0.24℃～1.20℃。研究结果从水分利用角度为杨麦复合立体经营模式在伊犁河流域水土开发区的可行性和持续性发展提供了理论支持。
Experiments were conducted on the water ecological characteristics of Yangmai composite and single-cropping system in the newly reclamation area of Yili River Basin. The results showed that: (1) During the critical stage of wheat water requirement, the soil moisture in 0-44cm soil layer of two-cropping wheat field increased about 5% 1 ~ 2 days after irrigation. The soil water content of the lower layer (110-154cm) Make a big land. (2) In the horizontal direction, the water absorption root distribution of wheat in S2 was the least, the root distribution of poplar and wheat was the most in 20-30 cm soil layer in the vertical direction, and the competition of water and nutrient absorption was the most intense. (3) The single-cropped wheat grain weight was 4.56% higher than that of the composite wheat grains. The grain weight of wheat at the S12 measuring point in the composite wheat field was 1.11 times of that at the S2 measuring point. (4) The daily average transpiration rate of composite type wheat was 30.8g / (m2.h) lower than that of single cropping wheat, 1.07g / d lower than that of 100cm3 soil in wheat field, 0.46 ℃ lower than the average daily temperature, Temperature low 0.24 ℃ ~ 1.20 ℃. The results of this study provide theoretical support for the feasibility and sustainable development of Yangmai integrated three-dimensional management model in the water and soil development zones in Yili River Basin from the perspective of water use.