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陕西省礼泉县是全国9个农村改革试点区县之一。1988年2月,我们就苹果生产对东庄农村的影响,对“苹果之乡”礼泉县东庄乡进行了为期10天的社会调查。调查主要采用访问调查和问卷调查的方式,获得了部分第一手资料。东庄乡位于渭北高原的丘陵沟壑地带,当地人习惯上称作“山区”。这里地势较高,干旱少雨,地下水缺乏,农业生产十分落后。特别在以粮为纲,单一经营的年代,东庄粮食产量低,人民生活贫困。一般年份,粮食(主要是小麦)亩产仅100公斤左右,遇到天旱,颗粒无收并不少见。生产的落后造成了社会生活的贫乏和紊乱。婚配比例的失调,家庭问题的突出,地方疾病的严重,更使贫穷的东庄雪上加霜。
Liquan County, Shaanxi Province, is one of nine county-level rural reform pilot counties in the country. In February 1988, we conducted a 10-day social survey on the impact of apple production on Dongzhuang rural areas and carried out a 10-day social survey on Dongzhuang Township, “Home of Apple”. The survey mainly uses the methods of interview survey and questionnaire to obtain some first-hand information. Dongzhuang Township is located in the hilly areas of the Weibei Plateau, locals used to be called “mountains.” There is a high level of land here, arid and dry, lack of groundwater, agricultural production is very backward. Particularly in the food as the key link, the era of sole proprietorship, Dongzhuang low food production, people living in poverty. In general years, grain (mainly wheat) yields only about 100 kilos per mu. In the event of drought, it is not uncommon for crops to be confiscated. The backwardness of production has caused the poverty and disorder in social life. Maladjustment of imbalances, prominent family issues and serious local diseases have further added to the poverty of Dongzhuang.