产业政策问题在二战后美国学术界和政策界曾引起两度(1980年代和2007—2008年金融危机之后迄今)比较集中的争论。当前这场争论的主要驱动因素是,美国人在制造业领域的危机感,金融危机中暴露出来的美国经济结构的失衡,以及由于制造业就业机会的减少而导致的中产阶级的消失。这场辩论不仅表现为意识形态方面的对立,更预示着政策和发展战略上的不同选择。随着产业政策为越来越多的美国人所接受,它在美国社会,经济和政治生活中有可能成为一个日常话题,对美国的内外政策的制订和选择产生重要影响。 Industrial policy issues After the Second World War, the academic and policy communities in the United States had caused two more concentrated debates (since the financial crisis in the 1980s and 2007-2008). The main drivers of the current debate are the American sense of crisis in the manufacturing sector, the imbalance in the U.S. economy exposed by the financial crisis and the disappearance of the middle class as a result of the reduction of manufacturing employment opportunities. This debate has not only manifested itself in the ideological confrontation but also heralded different choices in policy and development strategy. With industrial policies accepted by a growing number of Americans, it may become a daily issue in the social, economic and political life of the United States, with important implications for the formulation and selection of U.S. domestic and foreign policies.