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澳大利亚,虽然建国历史不到二百年,但在保护生态环境、治理水土流失方面所采取的措施和作法,却受到了世界各国同行们的赞扬。去年十月,我随陕西省赴澳水土保持考察团飞抵了这个“骑在羊背上”的国家。澳大利亚总面积为768.23万平方公里,地势平坦,土层很薄,一般只有15-30厘米。18世纪八十年代以前几乎没有什么水土流失,但由于八十年代后期英国移民掀起的淘金热潮,进入19、20世纪后大规模地砍伐森林、过度垦植放牧,加上暴雨频繁,造成了严重的土地退化和水土流失。特别是1920、1930年两次红色沙风暴给南部各州农田作物、水利工程和城乡居民造成极大的危害,促使澳大利亚政府开始重视水土保持工作,并采取了一系列的有效措施。1938年澳大利亚联邦和各州部长会议制定
Although less than 200 years since the founding of New China, Australia has praised the measures and practices it has taken in protecting the ecological environment and controlling soil and water loss. Last October, I traveled to Shaanxi Province to study soil and water conservation in Australia and flew to this “riding on sheep’s back” country. Australia has a total area of 7,682,300 square kilometers, with a flat terrain and a very thin layer of soil, typically only 15-30 cm. There was almost no soil erosion before the 1880s, but due to the gold rush caused by British settlers in the late 1980s, large-scale deforestation and excessive reclamation of grazing land after the 19th and 20th centuries, coupled with frequent heavy rains, caused serious problems Land degradation and soil erosion. In particular, the two red sandstorms in 1920 and 1930 caused great damage to farmland crops, water conservancy projects and urban and rural residents in the southern states, prompting the Australian government to pay more attention to water and soil conservation and took a series of effective measures. 1938 Australia federal and state ministers to develop