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目的分析比较各级各类学校(幼儿园,下同)甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情的流行病学特征,探讨学校甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情防控措施。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对岳麓区2009年8-12月发生的54起学校甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情资料进行统计分析。结果长沙市岳麓区2009年有54所学校发生甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情,报告病例9 539人,总罹患率为5.05%;暴发时间主要集中在10月下旬至11月中旬,持续1个月左右;大学和中学更易引起暴发疫情;比较幼儿园、小学、中学、培训学校到大学不同级别暴发疫情学校的学生罹患率差异有统计学意义,随着学校级别提高,学生人群罹患率依次降低,但培训学校学生罹患率要显著高于其他类型学校;疫情发生到发现与疫情持续时间呈正相关(r=0.504,P<0.01),疫情发生到采取控制措施的间隔时间与疫情持续时间亦呈正相关(r=0.535,P<0.01);不同类型学校暴发疫情持续时间亦有不同,以大学、中学持续时间较长,小学、幼儿园持续时间较短,培训学校持续时间最短。结论甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情易发生在人群高度密集的学校(幼儿园)中,由于各个学校规模、学生管理模式、卫生状况不同、预防控制措施落实程度不一,导致学生罹患率和疫情持续时间存在差异。
Objective To compare and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Influenza A (H1N1) outbreaks in all kinds of schools (kindergartens, the same below) and to discuss the prevention and control measures of Influenza A (H1N1) outbreaks in schools. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the data of 54 outbreaks of Influenza A (H1N1) outbreaks in schools from August to December in 2009 in Yuelu District. Results In 2009, Yuelu District, Changsha City, 54 outbreaks of Influenza A (H1N1) outbreaks were reported in 9 schools and 9 539 cases were reported. The total attack rate was 5.05%. The outbreak time mainly concentrated in late October to mid-November for about 1 month University and secondary schools were more likely to cause outbreaks. There was a statistically significant difference in the attack rates between kindergartens, primary schools, secondary schools and training schools at different levels of university outbreaks. As the school level increased, the student population attack rate decreased in turn, but training The prevalence rate of school students was significantly higher than that of other types of schools. The outbreak was positively correlated with the duration of the outbreak (r = 0.504, P <0.01), and the interval between outbreak and control measures was also positively correlated with the duration of the outbreak (r = 0.535, P <0.01). The durations of outbreaks in different types of schools are also different, with longer durations in universities and secondary schools, shorter durations of primary schools and kindergartens, and the shortest duration of training schools. Conclusion Influenza A (H1N1) outbreaks easily occur in highly crowded schools (kindergartens). Due to the size of schools, student management patterns and health conditions, prevention and control measures are not implemented to a certain extent, leading to the occurrence of student attacks and the duration of outbreaks difference.