选用来自全国各地野生大豆和栽培大豆地方品种中有代表性的材料,分析其在等位酶、细胞器DNA RFLP和细胞核DNA RAPD标记位点上的群体遗传表现。结果表明:野生大豆在上述标记位点上的综合遗传多样性水平高于栽培大豆,二者的综合遗传丰富度和遗传离散度分别为180(95.2% )和154(81.5% )及0.2891 和0.2091。野生大豆与栽培大豆群体在所分析的大多数位点上等位基因的分布频率差异明显,其中差异较大的标记位点有Idh1、Aph、Idh2 和Dia(等位酶);cpⅠ、cpⅢ、m tⅣa 和m tⅣb(细胞器DNA RFLP);OPAP4-8,OPAP5-1,OPAP9-8和OPAP20-8(细胞核DNA RAPD)。这些标记位点可作为进化的标记性状,以研究大豆的起源和演化问题。 Representative materials from wild soybean and cultivated soybean from all over the country were selected to analyze their population genetic performance in allelic enzymes, organelle DNA RFLP and nuclear DNA RAPD marker loci. The results showed that the comprehensive genetic diversity of wild soybean at the above loci was higher than that of cultivated soybean, the comprehensive genetic diversity and genetic dispersal of wild soybean were 180 (95.2%) and 154 (81.5%) and 0.2891 and 0.2091 . There were significant differences in allele frequency distribution between wild soybean and cultivated soybean population at most loci, among which Idh1, Aph, Idh2 and Dia were the most significant markers; cpⅠ, cpⅢ, m t IVa and m t IVb (organelle DNA RFLP); OPAP4-8, OPAP5-1, OPAP9-8 and OPAP20-8 (nuclear DNA RAPD). These marker sites serve as evolutionary marker traits to study the origin and evolution of soybeans.