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目的 :描述湖南省城乡 1990 -1998年部分老年人口自杀流行学特征 ,为老年人口自杀预防以及降低老年自杀率提供科学依据。方法 :根据湖南省卫生厅生命统计资料 ( 1990 -1998年 ) ,对部分老年人口自杀状况进行统计分析 ,并以湖南省城区 (长沙市天心区 )、农村 (浏阳县 )两地为代表 ,着重描述两地流行学特征。结果 :自 1990 -1998年九年来 ,湖南省老年人口自杀率均有上升趋势 (天心区Y =8 76± 2 88X ,p<0 0 0 1;浏阳县Y =77 45 0± 1 697X ,p =0 0 5 )。老年人口平均自杀率城区为 2 4 4/10万 (天心区 2 2 1/10万 ) ,农村为 88 9/10万 (浏阳县 88 3 /10万 )。城区、农村两地男女自杀率比例分别为 1∶1和 1 4∶1。两地自杀方式城区多以服毒服药、自缢、跳楼为主 ,农村则多以服毒服药、自缢、自溺为主。城区、农村两地自杀原因城区多以久病厌世、家庭纠纷以及精神疾病为主 ,农村则多以家庭纠纷、久病厌世、生活困难为主。结论 :社会、经济环境可能是老年人自杀的最重要的诱发因素 ,尤其在农村地区老年人有更突出的心理问题 ,他们需要更多的医学关怀和社会的关注。
OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological characteristics of suicide among some elderly population in urban and rural areas of Hunan province from 1990 to 1998, and provide scientific evidences for suicide prevention and reduction of senile suicide rate among the elderly population. Methods: According to the life statistics of Hunan Provincial Department of Health (1990-1998), the author made a statistical analysis on the suicide status of some elderly population, and focused on the urban areas of Hunan Province (Tianxin District, Changsha City) and the rural areas (Liuyang County) Describe the epidemiological characteristics of the two places. Results: In the nine years from 1990 to 1998, the suicide rate of elderly population in Hunan Province all tended to increase (Tianxin Y = 8 76 ± 2 88X, p <0.01 1; Liuyang County Y = 77 45 0 ± 1 697X, p = 0 0 5). In urban areas, the average suicide rate for the elderly population was 24.4 / 100,000 (2 2 1/10 million in Tianxin District) and 88 9/10 in rural areas (88 3 / 100,000 in Liuyang County). The suicide rates for men and women in urban areas and rural areas were 1: 1 and 1: 4: 1, respectively. Suicide way the two cities to take poison medication, self-esteem, jumped to the floor mainly in the rural areas are more to take drugs, self-willed, self-drowning-based. In urban areas and in rural areas, suicides in urban areas were mostly caused by chronic illness, family disputes and mental diseases. In rural areas, many were mainly family disputes, chronic illness, and hardships. Conclusion: The social and economic environment may be the most important predisposing factor for suicide among the elderly. In particular, elderly people in rural areas have more prominent psychological problems. They need more medical attention and social concern.