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我国干旱具有普遍性、连续性、季节性、地域性等特征,旱灾不仅直接影响我国的粮食安全,还进一步影响水循环及其伴生水环境、水生态和水沙过程。变化环境下,我国干旱问题显得尤为突出,表现在发生频率不断增加、受旱范围不断扩大、影响领域扩展、灾害损失加重,如何应对变化环境下的干旱,已成为我国实现和谐发展过程中亟待解决的关键问题之一。为有效综合应对我国的干旱问题,本文从三个时间层面上探讨了干旱的应对措施;从长期宏观发展战略层次上,构建与水资源承载能力相适应的经济社会发展模式(重点调整种植结构和工业产业结构),可从根本上减少干旱危害;在中尺度时段上,优化水资源调配体系是干旱综合应对的重点;在短尺度时段上,需制定有效应急预案,保障应急水源。
The drought in our country is characterized by universality, continuity, seasonality and geography. The drought not only directly affects the food security of our country, but also further affects the water cycle and its associated water environment, aquatic ecology and water and sediment processes. In a changing environment, the problem of drought in our country is particularly prominent. The frequency of occurrence is constantly increasing, the area of drought is expanding, the area of influence is expanding, the loss of disasters is aggravating. How to cope with the drought in a changing environment has become an urgent need to be solved in the process of harmonious development in our country One of the key issues. In order to effectively deal with the drought problem in our country, this paper discusses the response measures of drought from the three temporal levels. From the long-term macro-level development strategy, we construct the economic and social development mode that adapts to the carrying capacity of water resources Industrial structure) can fundamentally reduce the hazard of drought. At the medium-scale time, optimizing water resources allocation system is the key point of comprehensive drought response. In the short-term period, an effective contingency plan should be formulated to ensure emergency water supply.