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目的研究幼儿各种进食行为问题及相关影响因素,为婴幼儿营养与喂养指导提供依据,预防不良进食行为的发生。方法采取问卷调查的形式,分析儿保门诊中197例1～6岁儿童进食行为问题的发生及原因。结果 197例儿童中,厌食和挑食的发生率分别为18.3%、32.0%,有咀嚼问题和吞咽问题的儿童分别占11.7%、24.9%。经卡方分析,不会咀嚼、吞咽时易呕吐、边吃边玩、进餐时间过长、饮食无规律的儿童厌食发生率高(P<0.05)。厌食儿童的家长采取强食、自行用药、哄食、责骂、迁就等行为的比例比非厌食儿童家长高,差异有统计学意义。儿童不良进食行为的发生与婴幼儿早期不良的喂米糊方式、未及时锻炼用手抓取食物咀嚼、未及时喂食粗颗粒食物有关。结论婴幼儿期未及时培养进食技能,家长不正确的喂养态度和喂养方式是导致儿童厌食、挑食、有咀嚼吞咽问题发生的重要原因。成功的婴幼儿喂养的关键在于建立良好的喂养关系和帮助小儿学习吃的技能。
Objective To study various feeding behavior problems and related factors in infants and young infants to provide guidance for nutrition and feeding guidance to prevent the occurrence of bad eating behavior. Methods The form of questionnaire was used to analyze the incidence and causes of eating behavior among 197 children aged 1 ~ 6 years old in child-care clinic. Results The incidences of anorexia and picky eaters among the 197 children were 18.3% and 32.0% respectively. Children with chewing and swallowing problems accounted for 11.7% and 24.9% respectively. The chi-square analysis, will not chew, vomiting swallowed, eat while eating, meal time is too long, irregular eating disorders in children with anorexia (P <0.05). Anorexia children’s parents to take strong food, self-medication, coaxing, scolding, relocation behavior than the proportion of non-anorexia children’s parents, the difference was statistically significant. Poor eating behavior of children with infants and young poor early feeding rice paste method, did not exercise in time to grab food chewing, not timely feeding of coarse particles of food. Conclusions Infant and young children do not have the skills of feeding in time. The incorrect parental feeding attitude and feeding pattern are the main causes of anorexia, picky eaters and chewing swallowing. The key to successful infant and young child feeding is to establish good feeding relationships and skills to help children learn to eat.