一、明确目标,自主定向教师要引导学生自己确定学习目标,使其形成对目标、方法、过程和重点、难点的认识。学生自主确立学习重点和目标,明确了学习目标的指引作用后,教师要帮助学生,让学生学有目标,有方向。教师要防止学生理解片面和制定目标不全面,没有针对性。学生学习的每个环节,教师都要给予初步的提示,让学生根据教师指导,并结合自身兴趣及能力制定学习目标。在学 First, a clear goal, independent orientation Teachers should guide students to determine their own learning goals, to form a target, method, process and focus, difficult understanding. Students independently establish the learning focus and goals, clear the guiding role of learning objectives, the teacher should help students, students learn goals, there are directions. Teachers should prevent students from understanding one-sidedness and poorly defined goals and lack of pertinence. In every aspect of student learning, teachers should give preliminary tips to enable students to set learning objectives based on teachers’ guidance and in accordance with their own interests and abilities. Learning