“米成分育种”是当前世界发展迅猛的一种新型水稻育种战略，在经典的水稻育种追求高产、优质、多抗、早熟基础上，“米成分育种”更加注重稻米经济价值的提高，其明显特征在于根据不同的利用目的来决定改良何种稻米成分，以适应特定的层次、多样化的消费需求。该文综述了目前已经发现的诸如直链淀粉、脂质、多糖、蛋白质等各种籽粒成分突变的利用价值、遗传分析及育种应用现状，并且讨论了稻米走向市场经济的我国水稻育种界可采取的相应研究策略。 Rice component breeding is a new type of rice breeding strategy that is developing rapidly in the world. Based on the classic rice breeding pursuit of high yield, high quality, multi-resistance and early maturity, “rice component breeding” pays more attention to the economic value enhancement of rice, which is obviously It is characterized by the determination of what kind of rice ingredients are modified according to the purpose of utilization so as to adapt to a specific level and diversified consumer demand. In this paper, we reviewed the utilization value, genetic analysis and breeding status of various kernel components such as amylose, lipids, polysaccharides and proteins that have been discovered so far, and discussed that the rice breeding industry in our country can adopt the market economy The corresponding research strategy.