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稻米外观品质主要是指稻米的粒形、垩白、透明度和籽粒色泽等,它不仅直接影响到人们的喜好,还与其他品质性状诸如蒸煮食用、加工等密切相关。因此,外观品质对稻米的商品价值有着十分重要的影响。本文从经典遗传与现代分子生物学两个方面对稻米主要外观品质的遗传研究进展进行了较全面的综述,包括粒长、粒宽、长宽比、粒厚、垩白、透明度和籽粒色泽等。综合近年来的遗传研究结果发现,大多数稻米外观品质性状都是由数量基因控制的。利用分子标记技术已将控制外观品质的QTL(qualitative trait locus)定位在不同的染色体上,为下一步的稻米外观品质改良提供了有利条件。
The appearance quality of rice mainly refers to grain shape, chalkiness, transparency and grain color of rice. It not only directly affects people’s preference, but also closely relates to other quality traits such as cooking, processing and so on. Therefore, appearance quality has a very important impact on the value of rice products. This review summarizes the progress of the genetic studies on the main appearance qualities of rice from two perspectives, classical heredity and modern molecular biology, including grain length, grain width, aspect ratio, grain thickness, chalkiness, transparency and grain color . According to the results of genetic studies in recent years, most of the appearance quality traits of rice are controlled by quantitative genes. The use of molecular marker technology has placed qualitative trait locus (QTL) controlling the appearance quality on different chromosomes and provided favorable conditions for further improvement of rice appearance quality.