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文化审议会的国语分科会提出了“敬语的指针”。到现在为止,一般认为敬语分为尊敬语、谦让语、郑重语三种。不过,此次的方针,谦让语和郑重语各自被细分,被分为尊敬语、谦让语Ⅰ、谦让语Ⅱ、礼貌语、美化语五种。其中,谦让语Ⅰ是抬高动作的对象的说法。谦让语Ⅱ是通过贬低自己的动作来抬高对方的说法,也可以用来抬高谈话对象。本文通过“参ります”和“伺います”这两个分别属于谦让语Ⅰ、谦让语Ⅱ的两个词来说明谦让语Ⅰ、谦让语Ⅱ在实际使用中的区别和各自的用法。
The Cultural Subcommittee of the Council of Culture proposed a “pointer to honorifics.” Until now, it is generally considered that honorific speech is divided into respect language, modest language and solemn language. However, this guideline, the modest language and the solemn language are subdivided into five categories of respecting language, modest language Ⅰ, modest language Ⅱ, polite language and beautification language. Among them, modest language Ⅰ is the object of elevation action. Modest concessions II raise one another by belittling one’s own movements, and can also be used to raise the conversation. In this paper, the two words belonging to the modest language Ⅰ and the modest language Ⅱ are respectively explained by “参 り ま す” and “い ま す す.” The differences between the mode of using humility Ⅰ and mode Ⅱ in actual use and their respective usage .