尿路感染症主要在下述情况成为临床上术后的问题,即有①导尿管的留置;②骨盆内手术、尤其是直肠癌术后末梢神经损伤导致的膀胱功能障碍;③高龄男性下部尿路通过障碍的泌尿系统疾病(前列腺肥大、前列腺癌、尿道狭窄、膀胱肿瘤、膀胱结石等)。一、单纯性尿路感染1.致病菌:单纯性尿路感染的致病菌70～80%是大肠杆菌;其次是变形菌、肺炎杆菌、葡萄球菌和其他的革兰氏阴性菌。2.症状:急性膀胱炎有尿频、排尿痛(特 Urinary tract infections mainly become clinically postoperative problems in the following cases: ① catheter indwelling; ② pelvic surgery, especially postoperative rectal cancer caused by peripheral nerve injury bladder dysfunction; ③ lower urinary tract in older men Urinary disorders that pass through the barrier (prostatic hypertrophy, prostate cancer, urethral stricture, bladder cancer, bladder stones, etc.). First, the simple urinary tract infection 1. Pathogenic bacteria: simple urinary tract infection of pathogens 70 to 80% of Escherichia coli; followed by Proteus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and other Gram-negative bacteria. 2. Symptoms: Acute cystitis frequent urination, painful urination (especially