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色觉是视觉功能的一个基本而重要的组成部分,是人类视网膜锥体细胞的特殊感觉功能。一般先天性色盲多无自觉症状,通常在体检中进行常规色觉检查时被发现。继发性色觉障碍更需要及早明确原发疾病对色觉是否产生影响。色觉检查方法的特异性、敏感性及发现疾病早期特有的表现尤为重要。色觉检查的方法很多,但大多数属于主观检查法,包括假同色图测验、色相排列测验和色盲镜等;客观检查以视觉电生理检查为主,其中荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)、视网膜密度检测、CT扫描等有助于明确视神经、视网膜及黄斑病变的形态学评估。临床视觉电生理检查属于客观的功能学检查方法,对于一些特殊人群色觉的评定及对某些继发性色觉改变的早期诊断显示了一定的优势。就临床电生理在继发性色觉障碍疾病中的特征性表现及早期诊断价值进行综述。
Color vision is a fundamental and important part of visual function and is a special sensory function of human retinal pyramidal cells. Congenital color blindness and many unconscious symptoms, usually in the physical examination during the regular color vision was found. Secondary color vision disorders also need to make it clear as soon as possible whether the primary disease affect color vision. The specificity, sensitivity, and early detection of disease manifestations are particularly important. There are many ways of color vision examination, but most of them belong to the subjective examination method, including the false color chart test, the hue arrangement test and the color blind mirror. The objective examination is mainly based on electrophysiological examination, including fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA), retinal density Detection, CT scan, etc. help to clear the optic nerve, retinal and macular degeneration morphology assessment. Clinical visual electrophysiological examination is an objective method of functional examination, for some special population assessment of color vision and early detection of some secondary changes in color vision showed some advantages. The clinical manifestation and early diagnosis value of clinical electrophysiology in secondary color vision disorders were reviewed.