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唐山市各县区长期种植水稻 ,逐渐表现出缺硅现象 :群体植株高度下降 ,茎叶变软 ,叶片披垂 ,易感病 ,籽粒空秕率高 ,导致产量降低。水稻田灌溉水有效硅含量 :沿海地区平均 1 2 92mg/kg ;内陆地区平均 2 37mg/kg。水稻田土壤有效硅含量 :沿海地区平均 74 57mg/kg ;内陆地区平均 59 63mg/kg。水稻田施用硅肥的最佳施肥量 :沿海地区施有效硅 1 2 1 5kg/hm2 ;内陆地区底施有效硅 1 61 6kg/hm2 。水稻田施硅增产的因子有 4个方面 :1、促进根系发育 ,增加白根数量 ,减少红、黑根数量 ,提高根系的吸收能力 ;2、提高植株有效分蘖和成穗率 ,减少养分消耗 ;3、增加植株高度 ,使茎叶健壮 ,提高抗病性 ;4、从产量结构分析 ,穗数、穗粒数、千粒重均增加 ,从而增高单位面积产量
Long-term planting of rice in all counties and districts of Tangshan City gradually showed the phenomenon of silicon deficiency: the population of plants decreased in height, the stems and leaves softened, the leaves became drapable and susceptible to disease, and the grain empty rate was high, leading to the decrease of yield. The effective silicon content of irrigation water in paddy fields is 122 92 mg / kg on average in coastal areas and 237 mg / kg on average in inland areas. Paddy soil available silicon content: Coastal area average 74 57mg / kg; Inland area average 59 63mg / kg. The best fertilization amount of silicon fertilizer applied in paddy field is: 1 125 kg / hm2 of effective silicon in coastal area and 1 61 6 kg / hm2 of effective silicon in inland area. There are four factors to increase yield of silicon in paddy field: 1, promote root development, increase the number of white roots, reduce the number of red and black roots, improve the absorption capacity of the root system; 2, improve plant effective tillering and spike rate, reduce nutrient consumption; 3, Increasing plant height, making stems and leaves stronger, improving disease resistance; 4, From the analysis of yield structure, the spike number, the number of grains per spike and the weight of 1000 grains increased, so as to increase the yield per unit area