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人羊膜间充质细胞源自胎盘羊膜组织,具有间充质干细胞特性和多向分化潜能。在不同生长因子的调节下,人羊膜间充质细胞可分化成内、中、外三个胚层来源的细胞,如神经细胞、成骨细胞、软骨细胞、脂肪细胞、肝样细胞等。并且人羊膜间充质细胞具有比骨髓间充质干细胞更强的扩增能力和免疫原性低等优势,在组织工程及细胞替代治疗等再生医学领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文就人羊膜间充质细胞分离培养、生物学特性及多向分化潜能方面作一综述。
Human amniotic mesenchymal cells derived from placental amniotic tissue, with mesenchymal stem cell characteristics and multi-directional differentiation potential. Under the regulation of different growth factors, human amniotic mesenchymal cells can differentiate into three germ-derived cells such as nerve cells, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes and hepatocyte-like cells. And human amniotic mesenchymal cells have more advantages than bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the ability of amplification and immunogenicity, which has broad application prospects in the field of regenerative medicine such as tissue engineering and cell replacement therapy. This review summarizes the isolation and culture of human amniotic mesenchymal cells, their biological characteristics and their potential of multidirectional differentiation.