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目的探讨老年低钠血症患者的病因及治疗的方法。方法对2013年9月至2014年9月因低钠血症住院的老年患者261例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 261例老年低钠血症患者中,轻度低钠血症97例,占37.17%;中度低钠血症164例,占62.84%;重度低钠血症33例,占12.65%。其病因构成为:饮食结构不合理的患者77例,占29.51%;以蛛网膜下腔出血为主的脑卒中患者56例,占21.46%;颅脑外伤患者34例,占13.03%;以慢性心力衰竭为主的心血管疾病患者23例,占8.82%;以肝硬化为主的肝脏疾病患者19例,占7.28%;以慢性肾功能衰竭为主的肾脏疾病患者16例,占6.13%;急慢性胃肠炎患者12例,占4.60%;以甲状腺机能减低为主的代谢性疾病患者11例,占4.22%;以肺癌为主的肿瘤患者8例,占3.01%;其他疾病患者5例,占1.92%。结论老年低钠血症患者中以饮食结构不合理为主要病因,合并脑卒中、颅脑外伤、心血管疾病、肝脏疾病、肾脏疾病的占绝大多数;高盐饮食及静脉补钠治疗能提高患者的治愈率、减少并发症发生。
Objective To investigate the etiology and treatment of elderly patients with hyponatremia. Methods The clinical data of 261 elderly patients hospitalized with hyponatremia from September 2013 to September 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. Results Among 261 elderly patients with hyponatremia, mild hyponatremia was 97 (37.17%), moderate hyponatremia was 164 (62.84%) and severe hyponatremia was 33 (12.65%). The etiology consists of 77 cases (29.51%) with unreasonable diet structure, 56 cases (21.46%) with stroke caused by subarachnoid hemorrhage, 34 cases (13.03%) with craniocerebral trauma, Among them, 23 cases were heart failure-predominant cardiovascular disease, accounting for 8.82%; 19 cases were hepatic cirrhosis-based liver disease, accounting for 7.28%; 16 cases were renal disease with chronic renal failure, accounting for 6.13%; 12 cases of acute and chronic gastroenteritis, accounting for 4.60%; 11 patients with hypothyroidism-based metabolic diseases, accounting for 4.22%; 8 cases of lung cancer-based tumors, accounting for 3.01%; 5 cases of other diseases , Accounting for 1.92%. Conclusion The elderly patients with hyponatremia diet structure is unreasonable as the main cause of stroke, traumatic brain injury, cardiovascular disease, liver disease, kidney disease accounted for the vast majority of high salt diet and intravenous sodium supplementation can improve The patient’s cure rate, reduce complications.