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心理学史上有一个无法回避的人物:奥地利心理学家弗洛伊德。他的精神分析学理论,与哥白尼的日心说、达尔文的进化论一起,被认为是人类认识历史上的三座分水岭。尽管他的理论属于心理学范畴,却被广泛地运用于社会生活和文化历史发展的各个领域,渗透于哲学、艺术、宗教、民俗等诸多问题的研究之中。正如美国批评家特里林所说的那样:“他的影响大部分是如此普遍,几乎难以确定它的范围,不是以这种方式,就是以那种方式……灌输到我们的生活中,成为我们的文化的一个组成部分。”
There is an unavoidable figure in the history of psychology: Austrian psychologist Freud. His psychoanalytic theory, together with Copernicus’s heliocentric theory and Darwin’s theory of evolution, is considered to be the three watersheds in the history of human understanding. Although his theory belongs to the category of psychology, it has been widely used in various fields of social life and cultural and historical development, and has penetrated into many issues such as philosophy, art, religion, and folklore. As the American critic Trilling put it: “Much of his influence is so widespread that it is almost impossible to determine its scope, either in this way, or in that way... Instilled into our lives, becoming An integral part of our culture."