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马克思的社会发展理论一方面对乌托邦主义做出了深刻批判,另一方面又在其历史进步观中对共产主义憧憬展望,肯定了历史上一些乌托邦思想的积极意义。20世纪极富创造性的两位西方马克思主义者布洛赫(Ernst Bloch,1885-1977)和马尔库塞(Herbert Marcuse,1898-1979)从人本主义出发,对马克思社会发展思想进行了乌托邦视角的解读。布洛赫把宗教的“弥赛亚主义”与马克思主义相结合,提出“具体的乌托邦”;马尔库塞则将弗洛伊德的精神分析学应用于社会现实领域,规划了以“爱欲解放”为前提的新的社会主义。两者尽管从不同方面肯定了乌托邦功能的重要意义,但却因忽视历
On the one hand, Marx’s theory of social development has made a profound critique of Utopianism; on the other hand, it has looked forward to communism in its historical progress and affirmed the positive significance of some utopian ideas in history. Two highly creative Western Marxists of the 20th century, Ernst Bloch (1885-1977) and Herbert Marcuse (1898-1979), carried out a utopian perspective on Marx’s social development from the perspective of humanism Interpretation. Bloch combined religious “Messiahism” with Marxism to propose “concrete Utopia”; Marcuse applied Freud’s psychoanalysis to social realities and planned New Socialism on the Prerequisite of Liberation of Eros. Both have affirmed the importance of utopian functions in different aspects but have ignored the calendar