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目前世界上各大引力实验室几乎都使用激光干涉仪做引力波探测器.该探测器的主要形式是带有功率重循环和信号重循环的Fabry-Perot(F-P)迈克尔逊干涉仪.本文简要回顾了激光干涉仪引力波探测器主要技术的发展历史,重点分析了用干涉仪探测引力波的原理、方法和关键技术.特别是围绕探测灵敏度的提高,分别讲述了Schnupp不对称、Fabry-Perot臂腔、功率循环和信号循环对探测灵敏度的贡献.最后,以激光干涉仪引力波观测(Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory,LIGO)的实验装置为例,介绍了干涉仪复杂的锁定方法和精密光学技术的发展现状.
At present, almost all the major gravitation laboratories in the world use the laser interferometer as the gravity wave detector.The main form of the detector is the Fabry-Perot (FP) Michelson interferometer with power re-circulation and signal re-circulation. The development history of the main technology of the laser interferometer gravitational wave detector is reviewed, and the principle, method and key technologies of detecting the gravitational wave with the interferometer are emphatically analyzed. Especially focusing on the improvement of detection sensitivity, the Schnupp asymmetry, the Fabry-Perot Arm cavity, power cycle and signal cycle to the detection sensitivity.Finally, taking the experimental device of laser interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) as an example, the complicated locking method of interferometer and precision optical technology Development status.