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Abstract：This paper describes a bus humanized design as well as the bus necessity and an important role of the user-friendly design, user-friendly design of the bus is the voice of the times and the needs of the masses, and then divided the the bus internal and external human naturedesign aspects discussed in detail the specific performance of the bus humanized design.
Keywords : bus， humanized， design
In the long river of history, human transport scratch, from there no to the fine. Human wisdom is infinite, after inventors' unremitting efforts with the struggle, the invention improved our transport again and again. Convenient for us to travel, to improve our standard of living, and to facilitate communication between the different regions, and in fact, good for pople.
Life today, to cities and towns, people take up the bus more than any other travel tools. The bus has a huge impact on the society, playing a basic role to urban development.Bus makes people experience the unprecedented nearly , but also shorten the distance between the city and neighboring areas, increasingly frequent exchanges.
Accompanied by the rapid pace of urbanization in China, China's urban and rural areas, especially in large cities with dense population, more people are willing to choose to take the bus trip. Today people are not satisfied with the material needs to meet the basic needs of people， at the same time, the human needs of increasingly prominent. Must travel as daily transport, bus humanized design, able to guarantee the safety of passengers greater extent, promote passenger travel pleasure, to improve the driver's driving feel. This is also the manifestation of progress in the process of urbanization, more urgent needs of social reality.
The user-friendly design means in the design process, according to which human behavior, anatomy and physiology, the psychological situation of the people, the people's way of thinking, on people's clothing, food, shelter, and so on, a comprehensive analysis of the line, as well as all aspects of life and production activities. The respect and meet in the design of the psychological and physiological needs of the people and the spirit of the pursuit, the design of humane care and respect for humanity. The user-friendly design of the bus is reflected in all aspects of the bus. Big appearance to the bus, public transportation vehicle seats, armrest, rear-view mirror, the camera's design, are the result of continuous improvement in practice. By humanized design details, constantly improve, continue to address people's needs at this stage, and to maximize the improvement of the level of bus service. The humanized design of the buses to improve bus is mainly reflected in two aspects, namely within the user-friendly design of the bus and external bus humanized design. 一、The internal design of the bus
The internal design of the bus should be followed user-friendly design, including the ergonomic, every detail of the design should reflect a caring person. Natural and comfortable interior environment, a coordinated colors, comfortable feel.
1.The driver's seat of the bus
The bus driver as the driver of the bus, carrying the vehicle passenger safety. Only when the driver's driving environment is pleasant, the driver will better serve passengers, smooth ride, safe and quick. And the bus driver remain seated for a long time, suffering from lumbar back easily related occupational diseases. For bus drivers, good seats will not only play the role of physical comfort, but also reduce the drivers seat design unreasonable related diseases. Accordingly, will therefore affect the possibility of a traffic accident occurs.
So the bus seat humane design is very necessary, even essential! Bus driver seat height adjustable, angle controllable its basic requirements. Seat to meet the overall interior features, such as color, shape and should be designed to achieve a seamless effect at the same time with the other part of the passenger compartment. Design principles to be followed and people-oriented.
The steering wheel is the rudder of the driver's hands, the driver of a grip is a class. Prolonged contact with the steering wheel, very prone to fatigue feeling. But most of the steering wheel height and angle can not be adjusted, so the adjustment of the seat becomes important. The seat now are adjustable, so that the distance between the regulation and the steering wheel according to the driver's needs, to achieve the most comfortable state of the driver who drives. Effectively prevent driver fatigue, ensure the safety of passenger transportation.
2、The design of bus punch card device
Unlike traditional bus with the conductor, a considerable portion of the bus taken no ticket. In addition to the coin box, punch card system is an important improvement of the human. People no longer need to travel before because they can not change distress, with just a brush, quick and easy, saving time. In the case of the increasingly fast pace of life today, and the growing traffic pressure, the punch card system to some extent, improve the efficiency of bus transport.
In addition, the punch card system can be very intuitive statistical clocking amount, eliminating the need for cumbersome manual counting. And to a certain extent to reduce the probability of counterfeit money received. The drivers do not have the money with the bus company misunderstandings. 3、Automatic stop announcement systems
When do not know where, or nap confused and do not know where, when, and automatic stop announcement systems played a very good tips. Conductor heavy local accent outsiders comprehension difficulties, automatic station all standard Mandarin, broader service around the passengers.
Have to transfer to automatic stop announcement systems, not only saves manpower, but more convenient and direct passengers turnings, vulnerable groups need seat as a reminder convenient way to notify everyone.
The camera on the back door
The camera on the back door can clear and intuitive presente the back door condition before the driver, the driver does not have to turn round they will know the specific circumstances behind. When the passengers to get off, to ensure the safety of passengers. Passengers have to get off, not because the driver mistakenly thought has not completely get off passengers to delay travel time. And to some extent also to curb the wrongful act of the thief.
5、Passenger seat
The first three rows of seats of the bus are arranged longitudinally, increasing aisle space to facilitate the passage of the passengers, and also increase the passenger capacity. Moreover, the first three rows are generally elderly, children, and motion sickness for passengers, not easy to motion sickness, fall to meet the needs of some of the passengers.
Later on the single-row seats, no steps. Driving relatively smooth and comfortable ride ideal for special populations, such as pregnant women. And the next generally have a special seat mark, when the need to take this part of the passenger seat, others saw marked Metropolitan consciously seat, and create a good social atmosphere. Promoting social harmony.
Bus seat seatback tilt angle is relatively small, and to some extent reduce the comfort of the seat. However, because time is generally shorter bus passengers do not need a larger angle of the chair to rest against the back of the chair. Although this reduces the passenger comfort, but on the other hand, the smaller angle of the chair has reduced the distance between the seat, thus increasing the number of seats in the inside, increasing the passenger capacity of the bus.
6、 Handrails and railings in bus
The handrail as bus design is an important part of its importance to passengers is self-evident. Especially in the morning and evening peak commuting period, special bus car congestion, when passengers swaying brake turn, the center of gravity. In particular, stood in the middle of the passengers, if not grasp the handrail, you can only rely on the body to keep the balance of the other passengers. Got off to follow the flow of people moving, the elderly or children prone to lead to stampede. The car handrails and guardrails design exactly good solution to this problem. Handrails and railing of the appropriate density allows each passenger caught in brake turn maintain balance fulcrum avoid fall injuries occur. To ensure the safety of passengers.
Some buses will wrapped in a layer of cotton on the armrest in winter. As a result, in the cold winter, each passenger to feel the warmth of a home. Reflects the intentions of the Department of humanized design. Also, this design will be filed.
7、Air conditioning
When swelters coming, the interior temperature is generally higher, and even hot seat. Plus interior air circulation is poor, resulting in a hot and stuffy passengers uneasy situation, far from seeing the bus was full of people and hearts fear. Today, most of the buses are equipped with air conditioning, passengers can no longer paste the intolerable heat of the summer people do not have to worry about.
The air-conditioned setting, largely to avoid heat stroke passengers. Summer, the car crowded and stuffy air, irritable mood is difficult to quell. If the temperature inside the vehicle is also very high, and is bound to exacerbate the feeling of passengers boredom. People will hate crowded buses, crowded bus just forced away. Favorable air conditioning will not only not make passengers tired of the bus, on the contrary, the bus will be the people to enjoy the cool air in the hot summer resort.
二、The bus external design humane
There may be a lot of people thinking that the good design of the bus inside willl give passenger comfort, safety and peace of the sail to destinations is good enough. But in fact is not so user-friendly design of the external bus is also part of the passengers traveling environment, but also as a business card of the city, a microcosm of the external bus design is also the city's economic construction and the degree of spiritual civilization. Therefore, many medium and small cities are very great importance to the management of the bus external user-friendly design.
1、Rearview mirror
The mirror is the driver's second pair of eyes, the driver observed out of the station, passengers get on and off, and observed the rear of an important tool to drive and also the bus in time to avoid other vehicles overtaking and lines mirror. Many bus mirrors, adjustable angle, change the curvature of a large area of the lens, so that the height according to the different drivers and driving habits with the mirror adjusted to the optimum state for drivers to use. Increases driver comfort, to further ensure the safety of driving. 2、Color
Many of the distinctive features of the city bus has its own characteristics. The bus is the beginning of many outsiders know about this city.
Some buses in different lines use different colors, so you can make the passengers effectively determine the the buses driving range, according to the body color can also effectively eliminate the visual pollution brought about by the tempests of advertising. To beautify city bring good results.
The color of the bus is the face of the bus, the bus body advertising rarely used bright colors looked dazzling design, this is to avoid the other drivers looked distracted and out of security considerations.
3、Body shape of bus
Now days city roads generally flat, suitable for low-floor design, so it suitable for the development and popularization of accessible buses. Up and down the bus to the elderly, pregnant women, people with disabilities and other vulnerable groups to provide a very large convenience. As the center of gravity, not only to ensure the safety and efficiency of the passengers on and off, but also greatly improve the traffic safety of the bus. Also increases the window area of the side window, the better lighting. Make the car more bright and pleasant, open horizons of passengers, to facilitate the observation car outside, more conducive to avoid sitting in the wrong station from happening.
Not only that, the glass is almost up and down through the door, so that drivers can better observe the site passengers, as much as possible to eliminate blind spots, conducive to observe passengers circumstances, reduce the possibility of accidents.
In addition, the proportion of the overall shape. Long-distance, high-aspect ratio, bus tourist bus is much less looks more low lenient. This is because the lower the running speed of the bus, the air resistance is relatively small, it is not deliberately pursuing streamlined design, and more emphasis on the size of the interior space.
4、Doors of bus
The bus door is usually wider than the average passenger car door, this is because the city bus carrying heavier tasks, passenger traffic is much greater. In this way, it significantly improves the efficiency of the passengers on and off. The bus door is completely closed structure, help to improve the car sealed to reduce the noise in the car, more beautiful shape.
三、Conclusion
The bus is the most common means of transport in people's daily life, the bus is good or bad is closely related to the vital interests of the people. Safe and reliable bus ride is comfortable, convenient transportation, the shape is beautiful, whether to adapt to the rhythm of the city and the level of development are issues of public concern. The level of development of the bus to a certain extent reflect the speed and level of development of the urbanization process. The user-friendly design is not an empty promise. User-friendly design of the internal bus or external, user-friendly design, all reflect the universality, necessity, and the important role of the user-friendly design of the bus. Humanized design of the bus, there are still many inadequacies, people demand more and more abundant, more and more diverse, but user-friendly design of the bus also will continue to improve in the premise of people-oriented, design out to meet the needs of the population at large buses. Meet basic needs at the same time, the spirit of the need to adapt to continuously improve, promote spiritual civilization construction of a harmonious society. Bus as a promotional window of the city, the direction of development of the unified planning of urban buses, both to promote the harmony of man and society, but also beautify every corner of the city. Constantly improve the user-friendly design of the bus, to give people a more comfortable traveling experience, to make our lives better!
（指导老师：唐济川）
References:
[1]Jirao Lin,Hengchun Xu.Art of Design[M].Shanghai People's Publishing House,2000.
[2]Liu Dan，Changde Lu，Huang Ting.Urban bus design method based on ergonomics[J].Mechanical design and transformation，2006.
[3]Junli Zhang, Hongying Wang.Bus interior space facilities design and passenger behavior[J].Fine Art Grand View，2007.
[4]Weikang Chen.Bus Body interior design of the investigation [J].Urban Vehicle，2007.
[5]Guangyu Li，Wang Quan，Jingjing Wang.The passenger the interior status quo and trends[J].Bus Technology and Research，2007.
[6]Xiongfei Zhao.City buses due to engineering design.Urban Public Transport，2005.
Keywords : bus， humanized， design
In the long river of history, human transport scratch, from there no to the fine. Human wisdom is infinite, after inventors' unremitting efforts with the struggle, the invention improved our transport again and again. Convenient for us to travel, to improve our standard of living, and to facilitate communication between the different regions, and in fact, good for pople.
Life today, to cities and towns, people take up the bus more than any other travel tools. The bus has a huge impact on the society, playing a basic role to urban development.Bus makes people experience the unprecedented nearly , but also shorten the distance between the city and neighboring areas, increasingly frequent exchanges.
Accompanied by the rapid pace of urbanization in China, China's urban and rural areas, especially in large cities with dense population, more people are willing to choose to take the bus trip. Today people are not satisfied with the material needs to meet the basic needs of people， at the same time, the human needs of increasingly prominent. Must travel as daily transport, bus humanized design, able to guarantee the safety of passengers greater extent, promote passenger travel pleasure, to improve the driver's driving feel. This is also the manifestation of progress in the process of urbanization, more urgent needs of social reality.
The user-friendly design means in the design process, according to which human behavior, anatomy and physiology, the psychological situation of the people, the people's way of thinking, on people's clothing, food, shelter, and so on, a comprehensive analysis of the line, as well as all aspects of life and production activities. The respect and meet in the design of the psychological and physiological needs of the people and the spirit of the pursuit, the design of humane care and respect for humanity. The user-friendly design of the bus is reflected in all aspects of the bus. Big appearance to the bus, public transportation vehicle seats, armrest, rear-view mirror, the camera's design, are the result of continuous improvement in practice. By humanized design details, constantly improve, continue to address people's needs at this stage, and to maximize the improvement of the level of bus service. The humanized design of the buses to improve bus is mainly reflected in two aspects, namely within the user-friendly design of the bus and external bus humanized design. 一、The internal design of the bus
The internal design of the bus should be followed user-friendly design, including the ergonomic, every detail of the design should reflect a caring person. Natural and comfortable interior environment, a coordinated colors, comfortable feel.
1.The driver's seat of the bus
The bus driver as the driver of the bus, carrying the vehicle passenger safety. Only when the driver's driving environment is pleasant, the driver will better serve passengers, smooth ride, safe and quick. And the bus driver remain seated for a long time, suffering from lumbar back easily related occupational diseases. For bus drivers, good seats will not only play the role of physical comfort, but also reduce the drivers seat design unreasonable related diseases. Accordingly, will therefore affect the possibility of a traffic accident occurs.
So the bus seat humane design is very necessary, even essential! Bus driver seat height adjustable, angle controllable its basic requirements. Seat to meet the overall interior features, such as color, shape and should be designed to achieve a seamless effect at the same time with the other part of the passenger compartment. Design principles to be followed and people-oriented.
The steering wheel is the rudder of the driver's hands, the driver of a grip is a class. Prolonged contact with the steering wheel, very prone to fatigue feeling. But most of the steering wheel height and angle can not be adjusted, so the adjustment of the seat becomes important. The seat now are adjustable, so that the distance between the regulation and the steering wheel according to the driver's needs, to achieve the most comfortable state of the driver who drives. Effectively prevent driver fatigue, ensure the safety of passenger transportation.
2、The design of bus punch card device
Unlike traditional bus with the conductor, a considerable portion of the bus taken no ticket. In addition to the coin box, punch card system is an important improvement of the human. People no longer need to travel before because they can not change distress, with just a brush, quick and easy, saving time. In the case of the increasingly fast pace of life today, and the growing traffic pressure, the punch card system to some extent, improve the efficiency of bus transport.
In addition, the punch card system can be very intuitive statistical clocking amount, eliminating the need for cumbersome manual counting. And to a certain extent to reduce the probability of counterfeit money received. The drivers do not have the money with the bus company misunderstandings. 3、Automatic stop announcement systems
When do not know where, or nap confused and do not know where, when, and automatic stop announcement systems played a very good tips. Conductor heavy local accent outsiders comprehension difficulties, automatic station all standard Mandarin, broader service around the passengers.
Have to transfer to automatic stop announcement systems, not only saves manpower, but more convenient and direct passengers turnings, vulnerable groups need seat as a reminder convenient way to notify everyone.
The camera on the back door
The camera on the back door can clear and intuitive presente the back door condition before the driver, the driver does not have to turn round they will know the specific circumstances behind. When the passengers to get off, to ensure the safety of passengers. Passengers have to get off, not because the driver mistakenly thought has not completely get off passengers to delay travel time. And to some extent also to curb the wrongful act of the thief.
5、Passenger seat
The first three rows of seats of the bus are arranged longitudinally, increasing aisle space to facilitate the passage of the passengers, and also increase the passenger capacity. Moreover, the first three rows are generally elderly, children, and motion sickness for passengers, not easy to motion sickness, fall to meet the needs of some of the passengers.
Later on the single-row seats, no steps. Driving relatively smooth and comfortable ride ideal for special populations, such as pregnant women. And the next generally have a special seat mark, when the need to take this part of the passenger seat, others saw marked Metropolitan consciously seat, and create a good social atmosphere. Promoting social harmony.
Bus seat seatback tilt angle is relatively small, and to some extent reduce the comfort of the seat. However, because time is generally shorter bus passengers do not need a larger angle of the chair to rest against the back of the chair. Although this reduces the passenger comfort, but on the other hand, the smaller angle of the chair has reduced the distance between the seat, thus increasing the number of seats in the inside, increasing the passenger capacity of the bus.
6、 Handrails and railings in bus
The handrail as bus design is an important part of its importance to passengers is self-evident. Especially in the morning and evening peak commuting period, special bus car congestion, when passengers swaying brake turn, the center of gravity. In particular, stood in the middle of the passengers, if not grasp the handrail, you can only rely on the body to keep the balance of the other passengers. Got off to follow the flow of people moving, the elderly or children prone to lead to stampede. The car handrails and guardrails design exactly good solution to this problem. Handrails and railing of the appropriate density allows each passenger caught in brake turn maintain balance fulcrum avoid fall injuries occur. To ensure the safety of passengers.
Some buses will wrapped in a layer of cotton on the armrest in winter. As a result, in the cold winter, each passenger to feel the warmth of a home. Reflects the intentions of the Department of humanized design. Also, this design will be filed.
7、Air conditioning
When swelters coming, the interior temperature is generally higher, and even hot seat. Plus interior air circulation is poor, resulting in a hot and stuffy passengers uneasy situation, far from seeing the bus was full of people and hearts fear. Today, most of the buses are equipped with air conditioning, passengers can no longer paste the intolerable heat of the summer people do not have to worry about.
The air-conditioned setting, largely to avoid heat stroke passengers. Summer, the car crowded and stuffy air, irritable mood is difficult to quell. If the temperature inside the vehicle is also very high, and is bound to exacerbate the feeling of passengers boredom. People will hate crowded buses, crowded bus just forced away. Favorable air conditioning will not only not make passengers tired of the bus, on the contrary, the bus will be the people to enjoy the cool air in the hot summer resort.
二、The bus external design humane
There may be a lot of people thinking that the good design of the bus inside willl give passenger comfort, safety and peace of the sail to destinations is good enough. But in fact is not so user-friendly design of the external bus is also part of the passengers traveling environment, but also as a business card of the city, a microcosm of the external bus design is also the city's economic construction and the degree of spiritual civilization. Therefore, many medium and small cities are very great importance to the management of the bus external user-friendly design.
1、Rearview mirror
The mirror is the driver's second pair of eyes, the driver observed out of the station, passengers get on and off, and observed the rear of an important tool to drive and also the bus in time to avoid other vehicles overtaking and lines mirror. Many bus mirrors, adjustable angle, change the curvature of a large area of the lens, so that the height according to the different drivers and driving habits with the mirror adjusted to the optimum state for drivers to use. Increases driver comfort, to further ensure the safety of driving. 2、Color
Many of the distinctive features of the city bus has its own characteristics. The bus is the beginning of many outsiders know about this city.
Some buses in different lines use different colors, so you can make the passengers effectively determine the the buses driving range, according to the body color can also effectively eliminate the visual pollution brought about by the tempests of advertising. To beautify city bring good results.
The color of the bus is the face of the bus, the bus body advertising rarely used bright colors looked dazzling design, this is to avoid the other drivers looked distracted and out of security considerations.
3、Body shape of bus
Now days city roads generally flat, suitable for low-floor design, so it suitable for the development and popularization of accessible buses. Up and down the bus to the elderly, pregnant women, people with disabilities and other vulnerable groups to provide a very large convenience. As the center of gravity, not only to ensure the safety and efficiency of the passengers on and off, but also greatly improve the traffic safety of the bus. Also increases the window area of the side window, the better lighting. Make the car more bright and pleasant, open horizons of passengers, to facilitate the observation car outside, more conducive to avoid sitting in the wrong station from happening.
Not only that, the glass is almost up and down through the door, so that drivers can better observe the site passengers, as much as possible to eliminate blind spots, conducive to observe passengers circumstances, reduce the possibility of accidents.
In addition, the proportion of the overall shape. Long-distance, high-aspect ratio, bus tourist bus is much less looks more low lenient. This is because the lower the running speed of the bus, the air resistance is relatively small, it is not deliberately pursuing streamlined design, and more emphasis on the size of the interior space.
4、Doors of bus
The bus door is usually wider than the average passenger car door, this is because the city bus carrying heavier tasks, passenger traffic is much greater. In this way, it significantly improves the efficiency of the passengers on and off. The bus door is completely closed structure, help to improve the car sealed to reduce the noise in the car, more beautiful shape.
三、Conclusion
The bus is the most common means of transport in people's daily life, the bus is good or bad is closely related to the vital interests of the people. Safe and reliable bus ride is comfortable, convenient transportation, the shape is beautiful, whether to adapt to the rhythm of the city and the level of development are issues of public concern. The level of development of the bus to a certain extent reflect the speed and level of development of the urbanization process. The user-friendly design is not an empty promise. User-friendly design of the internal bus or external, user-friendly design, all reflect the universality, necessity, and the important role of the user-friendly design of the bus. Humanized design of the bus, there are still many inadequacies, people demand more and more abundant, more and more diverse, but user-friendly design of the bus also will continue to improve in the premise of people-oriented, design out to meet the needs of the population at large buses. Meet basic needs at the same time, the spirit of the need to adapt to continuously improve, promote spiritual civilization construction of a harmonious society. Bus as a promotional window of the city, the direction of development of the unified planning of urban buses, both to promote the harmony of man and society, but also beautify every corner of the city. Constantly improve the user-friendly design of the bus, to give people a more comfortable traveling experience, to make our lives better!
（指导老师：唐济川）
References:
[1]Jirao Lin,Hengchun Xu.Art of Design[M].Shanghai People's Publishing House,2000.
[2]Liu Dan，Changde Lu，Huang Ting.Urban bus design method based on ergonomics[J].Mechanical design and transformation，2006.
[3]Junli Zhang, Hongying Wang.Bus interior space facilities design and passenger behavior[J].Fine Art Grand View，2007.
[4]Weikang Chen.Bus Body interior design of the investigation [J].Urban Vehicle，2007.
[5]Guangyu Li，Wang Quan，Jingjing Wang.The passenger the interior status quo and trends[J].Bus Technology and Research，2007.
[6]Xiongfei Zhao.City buses due to engineering design.Urban Public Transport，2005.