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马克思恩格斯认为,资本主义私有制导致人与自然的对立和矛盾。要克服这种对立和矛盾,必须推翻资本主义这种不合理的社会制度,建立生产资料归全体社会成员共同所有的共产主义社会。共产主义社会既解决了人与人的矛盾,又解决了人与自然的矛盾,真正做到了人与自然的和谐相处,是人与自然、人道主义和自然主义的高度统一。马克思恩格斯不仅勾勒了共产主义社会人与自然和谐相处的生态理想,而且从原则上阐述了实现这一理想应采取的主要措施。
Marx and Engels argue that the private ownership of capitalism leads to the antagonism and contradiction between man and nature. To overcome this antagonism and contradiction, we must overthrow the irrational social system such as capitalism and establish a communist society that is owned by members of society as a whole. Communism has not only solved the contradiction between people, but also solved the contradiction between man and nature, and truly achieved the harmony between man and nature. It is a high degree of unity between man and nature, and between humanism and naturalism. Marx and Engels not only outlined the ecological ideal of harmonious coexistence between man and nature in communist society, but also explained in principle the major measures to be taken to realize this ideal.