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熔融沉积成形(FDM)技术在塑料制品加工领域的应用日趋广泛,但传统FDM类3D打印机以丝料为耗材,对材料刚度有特定要求,限制了耗材的种类。提出了熔体微分3D打印机以塑料粒料为耗材,采用微型螺杆输送、建压以及阀控系统精密计量,扩大了耗材的适用范围并实现软材料的3D打印能力。以TPU弹性体作为研究对象,通过正交实验方法,分析工艺参数对试样拉伸强度及断裂伸长率的影响,此外通过与注塑试样进行对比,研究了3D打印试样与注塑试样力学性能上的差距。实验结果表明:层高、填充角度及塑化温度对试样力学性能有影响,其中影响程度为塑化温度>层高>填充角度;当层高为0.2 mm、填充角度为45°、塑化温度为220℃时,有最大断裂拉伸强度及断裂伸长率,其拉伸强度和伸长率分别达到注塑试样的62.6%和73.2%。验证了熔体微分3D打印机制备弹性体制品的可行性,且合理的加工工艺参数能够提高试样的力学性能。
Fused Deposition (FDM) technology is widely used in the field of plastic products processing. However, the traditional FDM 3D printer uses silk as a consumable material, which has specific requirements on material rigidity and limits the types of consumables. It is proposed that the melt differential 3D printer uses the plastic pellets as the consumables, adopts the micro-screw transport, pressure build-up and precision control of the valve control system to expand the applicable scope of the consumables and realize the 3D printing ability of the soft materials. Taking TPU elastomer as the research object, the influence of the process parameters on the tensile strength and the elongation at break of the sample was analyzed by orthogonal experimental method. In addition, compared with the injection molded samples, the 3D printed samples and the injection molded samples Mechanical performance gap. The experimental results show that the influence of layer height, filling angle and plasticizing temperature on the mechanical properties of the samples are affected by the plasticizing temperature> layer height> filling angle. When the layer height is 0.2 mm and the filling angle is 45 °, The maximum tensile strength at break and the elongation at break were obtained at 220 ℃, and the tensile strength and elongation reached 62.6% and 73.2% of the injected samples, respectively. The feasibility of melt differential 3D printer for the production of elastomers was verified, and the reasonable processing parameters could improve the mechanical properties of the samples.