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一、 词语例解
1. avoid
vt. 避免；消除；回避（keep away from; keep out of the way of; escape）
Try to avoid danger.要尽量避免危险。
I avoided punishment by running away. 我逃走了，避免了被惩罚。
Fortunately，we were able to avoid an accident. 我们幸而逃过一场灾祸。
I don’t think that war can be avoided. 我认为战争不可避免。
注意： avoid后常接动名词作宾语。如：
I tried to avoid answering him.我设法避免回答他的问题。
You should avoid being late for your class. 你不要误了上课。
2. ahead
adv. 1) 在前；向前；提前 （in or into a forward position; before）
Despite the snow storm they persisted in marching ahead.尽管有大风雪，他们还是坚持向前挺进。
Go straight ahead till you come to the post office. 径直往前走一直走到邮局。
2) 事前；将来 （in or into the future）
to plan ahead 事前做计划
The secretary assigned us the tasks for the period ahead.书记向我们布置了下一阶段的任务。
【搭配】 ahead of在……前面；胜过；强于go ahead前进；继续；请吧（用于祈使句）
3. vary
vt. 改变；使多样化 （cause to change; make different or various）
Courses vary according to the needs of the students.课程根据学生的需要而有所不同。
You can vary the pressure at will. 你可以随意变化压力。
vi. 改变；变成不同 （change, become different）
Her mood varies from day to day. 她的情绪天天在变。
The speed of sound varies in solids, liquids and gases. 在固体、液体和气体中，声音的速度不一样。
These coats vary in size / color. 这些大衣有各种不同的尺寸(颜色)。
Opinions on this matter vary from person to person.对于这件事，人人意见不一。
4. focus
n. 中心；焦点
Bring the object into focus if you want a good photograph.如果你想拍一张好照片，把物体对准在焦点上。
She was the focus of everyone’s attention at the party. 她是那次聚会时的焦点。
v. 聚焦；对准；把……集中于
He focused the camera and took a photo.他对好焦距，照了一张相。
When studying, he focused his mind on his lessons. 读书时，他集中心思于功课上。
【搭配】 focus ... on把……集中于……be out of focus 焦点没对准；模糊bring the object into focus 把物体对准在焦点上
5. occur
vi. 发生；存在 (happen, take place)
At the beginning of June an event occurred.六月初发生了一件事。
They said that the traffic accident occurred at midnight. 据说那起车祸是深夜发生的。
A number of changes occurred in the following years. 接下来的几年里发生了很多变化。
【搭配】 occur to sb. 使某人突然想到
A good idea occurred to me. 我突然想到一个好主意。
还可构成句型： It occurs to sb. + that从句或动词不定式，意为“某人突然想起”。
It occurred to me that we should go there more often.我认为我们更应常去那里。
It occurred to him to leave the whole thing to Xiao Wang.他想起把这事全交给小王去办。
Didn’t it occur to you to close the window? 难道你没想到要关上窗子吗？
二、短语精析
1. get through 通过；度过；到达；接通
He got through his final exams easily. 他轻易地通过了期末考试。
I can’t imagine how he’ll get through the time. 我想象不出他会怎样度过这些时间。
The message got through to us at last. 这条信息终于送到了我们这儿。
I called all day，but I just couldn’t get through. 我打了一天的电话，可就是打不通。
2. tear down扯下；拆卸
The workmen tore down the old house and built a new house in its place. 工人们拆除了那座旧房子，在原地建了一座新房子。
The mechanics had to tear down the engine, and fixed it, and put it together again. 机械师被迫拆卸那发动机，修理好后再把它重新装上。
【拓展】 tear at撕扯；进攻；严重伤害
tear off匆匆地或随便地做成 tear up撕成碎片
3. hold up举起；维持（良好）；承受住；耽误（常用于被动语态中）
Hold your hand up if you wish the chairman to recognize you.要是你希望会议主席准许你发言的话，你就举手。
I hope the fine weather will hold up. 我希望好天气能保持长一些。
The chair was too weak to hold him up.这把椅子不结实，承受不了他。
We were held up for five minutes in a traffic jam. 交通阻塞耽误了我们5分钟。
三、 句式点睛
I. In some countries, for example France and Russia, a visiting friend is greeted with a kiss on the cheek.在某些国家,如法国和俄罗斯，人们欢迎来访的朋友的礼节是在朋友脸上吻一下。
with a kiss on the cheek是“with + 名词+介词短语”结构，此结构在句中多作伴随状语，with可省略。例如：
He came into the room with a smile on his face.他脸上带着微笑走进了房间。
He hurried off with a plane ticket in his hand.他手里捏着张飞机票匆忙地跑走了。
He came over, book in hand.他手里拿着本书走了过来。
此结构也可作定语，但with不可省略。例如：
Do you know the girl with tears in her eyes?你认识那个眼泪汪汪的姑娘吗？
He lives in a small house with a few trees in front of it.他住的房子很小，房前有几棵树。
2. And if we are feeling down and lonely, there is nothing better than to see the smiling face of a good friend.如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，那就没有什么能比看到好朋友的笑脸再好的事了。
There is nothing better than to do sth.是一句型，意为“没有比做某事再好的了，没有什么能强过……”。例如：
There is nothing better than to have a hot bath after a whole day’s work.经过一整天的工作后，没有什么比洗个热水澡再好的事了。
There is nothing better than to help yourself to a cold drink in hot summer.在炎热的夏天没什么比喝口冷饮再舒服的了。
1. avoid
vt. 避免；消除；回避（keep away from; keep out of the way of; escape）
Try to avoid danger.要尽量避免危险。
I avoided punishment by running away. 我逃走了，避免了被惩罚。
Fortunately，we were able to avoid an accident. 我们幸而逃过一场灾祸。
I don’t think that war can be avoided. 我认为战争不可避免。
注意： avoid后常接动名词作宾语。如：
I tried to avoid answering him.我设法避免回答他的问题。
You should avoid being late for your class. 你不要误了上课。
2. ahead
adv. 1) 在前；向前；提前 （in or into a forward position; before）
Despite the snow storm they persisted in marching ahead.尽管有大风雪，他们还是坚持向前挺进。
Go straight ahead till you come to the post office. 径直往前走一直走到邮局。
2) 事前；将来 （in or into the future）
to plan ahead 事前做计划
The secretary assigned us the tasks for the period ahead.书记向我们布置了下一阶段的任务。
【搭配】 ahead of在……前面；胜过；强于go ahead前进；继续；请吧（用于祈使句）
3. vary
vt. 改变；使多样化 （cause to change; make different or various）
Courses vary according to the needs of the students.课程根据学生的需要而有所不同。
You can vary the pressure at will. 你可以随意变化压力。
vi. 改变；变成不同 （change, become different）
Her mood varies from day to day. 她的情绪天天在变。
The speed of sound varies in solids, liquids and gases. 在固体、液体和气体中，声音的速度不一样。
These coats vary in size / color. 这些大衣有各种不同的尺寸(颜色)。
Opinions on this matter vary from person to person.对于这件事，人人意见不一。
4. focus
n. 中心；焦点
Bring the object into focus if you want a good photograph.如果你想拍一张好照片，把物体对准在焦点上。
She was the focus of everyone’s attention at the party. 她是那次聚会时的焦点。
v. 聚焦；对准；把……集中于
He focused the camera and took a photo.他对好焦距，照了一张相。
When studying, he focused his mind on his lessons. 读书时，他集中心思于功课上。
【搭配】 focus ... on把……集中于……be out of focus 焦点没对准；模糊bring the object into focus 把物体对准在焦点上
5. occur
vi. 发生；存在 (happen, take place)
At the beginning of June an event occurred.六月初发生了一件事。
They said that the traffic accident occurred at midnight. 据说那起车祸是深夜发生的。
A number of changes occurred in the following years. 接下来的几年里发生了很多变化。
【搭配】 occur to sb. 使某人突然想到
A good idea occurred to me. 我突然想到一个好主意。
还可构成句型： It occurs to sb. + that从句或动词不定式，意为“某人突然想起”。
It occurred to me that we should go there more often.我认为我们更应常去那里。
It occurred to him to leave the whole thing to Xiao Wang.他想起把这事全交给小王去办。
Didn’t it occur to you to close the window? 难道你没想到要关上窗子吗？
二、短语精析
1. get through 通过；度过；到达；接通
He got through his final exams easily. 他轻易地通过了期末考试。
I can’t imagine how he’ll get through the time. 我想象不出他会怎样度过这些时间。
The message got through to us at last. 这条信息终于送到了我们这儿。
I called all day，but I just couldn’t get through. 我打了一天的电话，可就是打不通。
2. tear down扯下；拆卸
The workmen tore down the old house and built a new house in its place. 工人们拆除了那座旧房子，在原地建了一座新房子。
The mechanics had to tear down the engine, and fixed it, and put it together again. 机械师被迫拆卸那发动机，修理好后再把它重新装上。
【拓展】 tear at撕扯；进攻；严重伤害
tear off匆匆地或随便地做成 tear up撕成碎片
3. hold up举起；维持（良好）；承受住；耽误（常用于被动语态中）
Hold your hand up if you wish the chairman to recognize you.要是你希望会议主席准许你发言的话，你就举手。
I hope the fine weather will hold up. 我希望好天气能保持长一些。
The chair was too weak to hold him up.这把椅子不结实，承受不了他。
We were held up for five minutes in a traffic jam. 交通阻塞耽误了我们5分钟。
三、 句式点睛
I. In some countries, for example France and Russia, a visiting friend is greeted with a kiss on the cheek.在某些国家,如法国和俄罗斯，人们欢迎来访的朋友的礼节是在朋友脸上吻一下。
with a kiss on the cheek是“with + 名词+介词短语”结构，此结构在句中多作伴随状语，with可省略。例如：
He came into the room with a smile on his face.他脸上带着微笑走进了房间。
He hurried off with a plane ticket in his hand.他手里捏着张飞机票匆忙地跑走了。
He came over, book in hand.他手里拿着本书走了过来。
此结构也可作定语，但with不可省略。例如：
Do you know the girl with tears in her eyes?你认识那个眼泪汪汪的姑娘吗？
He lives in a small house with a few trees in front of it.他住的房子很小，房前有几棵树。
2. And if we are feeling down and lonely, there is nothing better than to see the smiling face of a good friend.如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，那就没有什么能比看到好朋友的笑脸再好的事了。
There is nothing better than to do sth.是一句型，意为“没有比做某事再好的了，没有什么能强过……”。例如：
There is nothing better than to have a hot bath after a whole day’s work.经过一整天的工作后，没有什么比洗个热水澡再好的事了。
There is nothing better than to help yourself to a cold drink in hot summer.在炎热的夏天没什么比喝口冷饮再舒服的了。