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马克思与康德的思想关系是隐蔽和复杂的,但依然可以透过思想史发现他们之间最直接的思想逻辑联系。马克思与康德思想传承关系的逻辑关联点是自由人的联合体。首先,马克思的自由概念是西方古典哲学自由思想逻辑发展的结果,是对西方古典哲学关于自由思想精髓的继承与创新,最直接的思想传承来自康德哲学。其次,人学构成了马克思哲学的硬核部分,是马克思哲学的逻辑基点。马克思是通过费尔巴哈继承和发展了康德的人学思想。再次,马克思把康德的法则从纯粹实践理性的道德实践和软弱的一般与应然中拯救出来落实到具体的社会实践中,这种社会实践通过联合体的创新得以实现。联合体已经超越了法则,是人性善的实现和回归,这是对康德绝对命令的提升。
The relationship between Marx and Kant’s thought is hidden and complicated, but the most direct logical and logical connection between them can still be found through the history of thoughts. The logical connection between Marx and Kant’s thought is the unification of free people. First of all, Marx’s concept of freedom is the result of the logical development of liberal ideas of Western classical philosophy, the inheritance and innovation of western classical philosophy about the essence of free thought, and the most direct ideological transmission comes from Kant’s philosophy. Second, humanity constitutes the hard core part of Marxist philosophy and is the logical basis of Marxist philosophy. Marx inherited and developed Kant’s humanistic thinking through Feuerbach. Thirdly, Marx has rescued Kant’s law from the moral practice of purely practical reason and the weak generality and demerits to the concrete social practice, which is realized through the innovation of the Commonwealth. The consortium has gone beyond the law and is the realization and return of good human nature. This is an absolute imperative to Kant’s promotion.