论文部分内容阅读
书面表达旨在测试考生英语书面表达能力,以及用学过的英语知识和掌握的技能进行思想交流的能力。从历年高考试卷来看,书面表达是指导性写作,即按照题目所给的目的、时间、对象、地点、内容、长度等条件去完成写作。它不同于命题作文,也不是简单的句子翻译。因此我们写作时必须做到行文切题,要点齐全,文理通顺,语言准确、得当,这是英语作文的重要要求,也是书面表达得高分的技巧所在。2007年全国卷Ⅰ书面表达:
假定你是李华,希望通过外籍教师Peter找一位英文笔友。请写一封短信,描述一下你理想中笔友的条件,并说明为什么选这样的笔友。具体条件包括:1.年龄;2.性别;3.爱好(旅游、运动、宠物)。其中注意写作时可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考答案:
Dear Peter,
I am writing to ask whether you are able to do me a favor.
I want to have a pen friend,hopefully a girl in her early twenties,and with interests similar to mine.In my mind,she is someone who is interested in travelling,swimming,and playing table tennis.Besides,it would be better for her to have a pet dog as I have kept one at home for some time.With such a pen friend,I hope I can share with her our experience in travelling,taking care of pet,or whatever we have in common.And I believe I will improve my English by doing so and learn more about her country.
I look forward to hearing from you.
Best regards
Li Hua
信中恰当运用了链接性词语,如:besides,and,but,or等使行文连贯。范文使用了:with interests similar to mine;it would be better for her to...;whatever we have in common;I look forward to hearing from you等句子,使范文语言使用准确、规范,行文切题,要点齐全,文理通顺。
如何能在高考英语写作时做到行文切题、要点齐全、文理通顺、语言准确、意义连贯,我总结了以下几点:
一、高考英语书面表达解题步骤
1.仔细审题,文体格式要准确。审题是书面表达的第一步。审题准确,把握文章的框架结构,避免文不对题。审题准确应注意三个方面:文体、人称和时态,即作文要求写什么,是通知、日记、书信还是记叙文、说明文、议论文;不同文体的要求是什么,应该用什么人称和时态来写。
2.提炼要点,仔细全面要点齐。在审题的基础上用简单的语句从试题中提炼出6~8个要点,写在草稿纸上,为进一步的扩展语句、连句成文做好准备。
3.连词成句,正确流畅文采好。连词成句是书面表达中非常关键的一步。考生在语言表达上应把握三个原则:遣词造句正确为先,上下行文流畅为好,通篇描述有文采则妙。
4.认真修改,谨慎细致又周到。一篇初步完成的短文还须经过认真细致的修改才能定稿。注意检查人称、时态、语态、文体格式是否符合写作要求;要点是否齐全;主谓是否一致;代词指代是否清楚;大小写、拼写及标点符号是否有误等。同时,考生应该注意字迹工整,卷面要整洁,这有利于赢得高分。
二、高考英语书面表达解题策略
1.巧妙使用高级词汇。高级词汇的使用主要是指使用高中阶段所学的常用书面词汇,通过构词法变化而形成的新词或同(近)义词或反义词等来代替简单词语,这样便可为取得高分打好基础。
原句:At weekends,we have a lot of homework to do.
修改:At weekends,we have endless homework to do.
修改后没有使用过于直接的a lot of,而使用了endless。endless就是高中阶段所学的词汇,较a lot of而言,属高级词汇。
原句:The bathroom and the kitchen are good.
修改:The bathroom and the kitchen are well furnished.
在表达要点时,well furnished比good语气强,也显得生动。
点拨 造句时,如果能贴切自然地运用高级词汇,即使整篇文章只出现一个,也会使你的作文显得与众不同。
2.合理使用过渡性词语。过渡词犹如“桥梁”和“黏合剂”。在叙述和论述过程中,恰当地使用过渡词可避免结构松散、层次不明、表意不清等弊端,使文章条理清楚,语言连贯流畅。这一点高考作文已有明确的要求。
常用过渡性词语有:
递进型:besides,what’s more,let alone,worse still,moreover,even,furthermore等;
解释型:that is(to say),in otherwise,instead等;
转折型:however,but,yet,otherwise,instead on the contrary等;
列举型:firstly...secondly...finally...,on the one hand...on the other hand...等;
举例型:for example,for instance,such as,like,take...for example等;
因果型:because(of),as consequence(of),as a result of,since,therefore,thus等;
让步型:though,although,in spite of,despite等;
时序型:first...next...and then...finally...,first...then...after that...finally...等;
并列型:and,or,also,as well as等;
时间型:afterwards,soon,later,the moment,hardly...when...,no sooner...than...等;
总结型:in conclusion,in a word,to sum up,in short,on the whole等;
见解型:in my opinion,personally speaking,as far as I am concerned等。
3.尝试运用不同句式、不同结构。所谓不同句式、不同结构包括定语从句、强调句型、倒装句、虚拟语气、so...that句式、非谓语短语以及with复合结构等。
原句:Ah Fu saved my sister.(一般句式)
修改:It was Ah Fu that saved my sister.(强调句式)
原句:The young man couldn’t help crying when he heard the bad news.(一般句式)
修改:Hearing the bad news,the young man could’t help crying.(强调句式)
4.灵活使用“合句”。“合句”是指将意义相关的句子用一定的连接方式连接起来,去掉一些多余成分,避免冗长累赘、松散无力,以增强句子的连续性和表现力。
原句:Enter the park by the main gate.Walk straight until you come to a stream.Cross the stream.Turn right.
修改:After you enter the park by the main gate,walk straight until you come to a stream.Cross the stream and turn right.
原句是四个祈使句,句式单调,连贯性弱,表现力差。修改后的句子将它们组合起来,并借助一定的连接方法增强动作的连续性,而且减弱了祈使句的“祈使,命令”的意味。
原句:We had a short rest.Then we began to play happily.We sang and danced.Some told stories.Some played chess.(简单句式)
修改:After a short rest,we had great fun singing,dancing,telling jokes and playing chess.(非谓语动词)
点拨 合句主要是通过使用非谓语动词、介词短语、独立主格结构、同位语结构、主从复合句、省略句等形式将原句合并、压缩成精炼的、连续的语句。
假定你是李华,希望通过外籍教师Peter找一位英文笔友。请写一封短信,描述一下你理想中笔友的条件,并说明为什么选这样的笔友。具体条件包括:1.年龄;2.性别;3.爱好(旅游、运动、宠物)。其中注意写作时可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考答案:
Dear Peter,
I am writing to ask whether you are able to do me a favor.
I want to have a pen friend,hopefully a girl in her early twenties,and with interests similar to mine.In my mind,she is someone who is interested in travelling,swimming,and playing table tennis.Besides,it would be better for her to have a pet dog as I have kept one at home for some time.With such a pen friend,I hope I can share with her our experience in travelling,taking care of pet,or whatever we have in common.And I believe I will improve my English by doing so and learn more about her country.
I look forward to hearing from you.
Best regards
Li Hua
信中恰当运用了链接性词语,如:besides,and,but,or等使行文连贯。范文使用了:with interests similar to mine;it would be better for her to...;whatever we have in common;I look forward to hearing from you等句子,使范文语言使用准确、规范,行文切题,要点齐全,文理通顺。
如何能在高考英语写作时做到行文切题、要点齐全、文理通顺、语言准确、意义连贯,我总结了以下几点:
一、高考英语书面表达解题步骤
1.仔细审题,文体格式要准确。审题是书面表达的第一步。审题准确,把握文章的框架结构,避免文不对题。审题准确应注意三个方面:文体、人称和时态,即作文要求写什么,是通知、日记、书信还是记叙文、说明文、议论文;不同文体的要求是什么,应该用什么人称和时态来写。
2.提炼要点,仔细全面要点齐。在审题的基础上用简单的语句从试题中提炼出6~8个要点,写在草稿纸上,为进一步的扩展语句、连句成文做好准备。
3.连词成句,正确流畅文采好。连词成句是书面表达中非常关键的一步。考生在语言表达上应把握三个原则:遣词造句正确为先,上下行文流畅为好,通篇描述有文采则妙。
4.认真修改,谨慎细致又周到。一篇初步完成的短文还须经过认真细致的修改才能定稿。注意检查人称、时态、语态、文体格式是否符合写作要求;要点是否齐全;主谓是否一致;代词指代是否清楚;大小写、拼写及标点符号是否有误等。同时,考生应该注意字迹工整,卷面要整洁,这有利于赢得高分。
二、高考英语书面表达解题策略
1.巧妙使用高级词汇。高级词汇的使用主要是指使用高中阶段所学的常用书面词汇,通过构词法变化而形成的新词或同(近)义词或反义词等来代替简单词语,这样便可为取得高分打好基础。
原句:At weekends,we have a lot of homework to do.
修改:At weekends,we have endless homework to do.
修改后没有使用过于直接的a lot of,而使用了endless。endless就是高中阶段所学的词汇,较a lot of而言,属高级词汇。
原句:The bathroom and the kitchen are good.
修改:The bathroom and the kitchen are well furnished.
在表达要点时,well furnished比good语气强,也显得生动。
点拨 造句时,如果能贴切自然地运用高级词汇,即使整篇文章只出现一个,也会使你的作文显得与众不同。
2.合理使用过渡性词语。过渡词犹如“桥梁”和“黏合剂”。在叙述和论述过程中,恰当地使用过渡词可避免结构松散、层次不明、表意不清等弊端,使文章条理清楚,语言连贯流畅。这一点高考作文已有明确的要求。
常用过渡性词语有:
递进型:besides,what’s more,let alone,worse still,moreover,even,furthermore等;
解释型:that is(to say),in otherwise,instead等;
转折型:however,but,yet,otherwise,instead on the contrary等;
列举型:firstly...secondly...finally...,on the one hand...on the other hand...等;
举例型:for example,for instance,such as,like,take...for example等;
因果型:because(of),as consequence(of),as a result of,since,therefore,thus等;
让步型:though,although,in spite of,despite等;
时序型:first...next...and then...finally...,first...then...after that...finally...等;
并列型:and,or,also,as well as等;
时间型:afterwards,soon,later,the moment,hardly...when...,no sooner...than...等;
总结型:in conclusion,in a word,to sum up,in short,on the whole等;
见解型:in my opinion,personally speaking,as far as I am concerned等。
3.尝试运用不同句式、不同结构。所谓不同句式、不同结构包括定语从句、强调句型、倒装句、虚拟语气、so...that句式、非谓语短语以及with复合结构等。
原句:Ah Fu saved my sister.(一般句式)
修改:It was Ah Fu that saved my sister.(强调句式)
原句:The young man couldn’t help crying when he heard the bad news.(一般句式)
修改:Hearing the bad news,the young man could’t help crying.(强调句式)
4.灵活使用“合句”。“合句”是指将意义相关的句子用一定的连接方式连接起来,去掉一些多余成分,避免冗长累赘、松散无力,以增强句子的连续性和表现力。
原句:Enter the park by the main gate.Walk straight until you come to a stream.Cross the stream.Turn right.
修改:After you enter the park by the main gate,walk straight until you come to a stream.Cross the stream and turn right.
原句是四个祈使句,句式单调,连贯性弱,表现力差。修改后的句子将它们组合起来,并借助一定的连接方法增强动作的连续性,而且减弱了祈使句的“祈使,命令”的意味。
原句:We had a short rest.Then we began to play happily.We sang and danced.Some told stories.Some played chess.(简单句式)
修改:After a short rest,we had great fun singing,dancing,telling jokes and playing chess.(非谓语动词)
点拨 合句主要是通过使用非谓语动词、介词短语、独立主格结构、同位语结构、主从复合句、省略句等形式将原句合并、压缩成精炼的、连续的语句。