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背景资料识字教学历来为语文教育有识之士所重视。追寻识字教学的历史轨迹,我们可以清晰地看到识字教学对儿童发展的重要作用。★“三、百、千”(《三字经》《百家姓》《千字文》)凝聚了古代识字教学的精髓:用一年左右的时间教儿童认识2000多个汉字,为日后阅读四书、五经作准备。★“三五观点”反映了开办新学以来识字教学的无奈:一二年级识字量在1200个左右,最多的1807个,平均每个学习日只识三五个字。★“分散识字”“集中识字”实验代表了新中国成立以来识字教学的积极探索:都能快速大量识字,但实验自身的原因制约了它的推广。★“多种形式识字”吸取了集中与分散之长:采取多种形式,进行“分散”与“小集中”相结合识字,但效果仍然不理想。★“注音识字”“部件识字”等林林总总的识字方法,形成了改革开放以来百花齐放的识字新格局:几十种识字方法各有千秋,但未成气候。★上海市二期课改“识写分流”识字实验引发了社会各界对新一轮识字教学的极大热情,真可谓仁者见仁,智者见智。
Background information Literacy teaching has always been valued by people of insight in Chinese education. Pursuing the historical track of literacy teaching, we can clearly see the important role of literacy teaching in children's development. ★ “Three, Hundred and Thousand” (“Three Character Classic”, “Hundred Family Names” and “Thousand Character Texts”) embodies the essence of ancient literacy teaching: To teach children about 2,000 Chinese characters in a year or so, to read four books in the future, Five preparations. ★ “Three or five points of view” reflects the helplessness of teaching literacy since the launch of the new school. The first and second grade literacy amounts to about 1,200 and the maximum number is 1807, with an average of only three or five words for each learning day. ★ “Disperse Literacy” “Literate Literacy” experiment represents an active exploration of literacy teaching since the founding of People's Republic of China: both literacy and mass literacy can be rapid but the reasons for the experiment itself have restricted its promotion. ★ “Literacy in Various Forms” Draws on the Length of Concentration and Dispersion: It takes a variety of forms and combines “decentralization” with “small concentration”, but the effect is still not satisfactory. ★ “phonetic literacy” “literacy” and other proficiency literacy methods, forming a pattern of flowers since the reform and opening up a new pattern of literacy: dozens of literacy methods have their advantages, but the climate. ★ The second phase of curriculum reform in Shanghai “literacy and diversion” literacy experiment triggered a great enthusiasm of the community for a new round of literacy teaching, really benevolent see the benevolent, the wise see the wisdom.