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病毒是导致婴幼儿呼吸道感染最主要的病原体,其中呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)占50%。RSV感染后呼吸道内半胱氨酰白三烯(CysLTs)除在急性期明显增高外,在急性期1个月内仍可维持在较高水平。呼吸道内CysLTs的持续高水平与患儿反复咳嗽、喘息,持续肺功能异常及哮喘发病率的增高密切相关。孟鲁司特钠为CysLTs特异性受体阻滞剂,可通过阻断CysLTs与其1型受体结合而发挥特异性抗炎作用。对于首次感染RSV的重症毛细支气管炎患儿,在急性期及4周内,每晚口服孟鲁司特钠4 mg,可有效改善急性期临床症状,防止肺功能下降,减轻持续性呼吸道高反应性,降低再次呼吸道RSV感染及反复咳嗽、喘息的发生率。
Viruses are the most important pathogens causing respiratory infections in infants and young children, of which respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) accounts for 50%. Respiratory Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) in RSV infection in addition to significantly increased in the acute phase, the acute phase within 1 month can still be maintained at a high level. The sustained high level of CysLTs in the respiratory tract is closely related to the repeated cough, wheezing, persistent pulmonary dysfunction and the increased incidence of asthma in children. Montelukast sodium is a CysLTs specific blocker that exerts a specific anti-inflammatory effect by blocking the binding of CysLTs to its type 1 receptor. Severe bronchiolitis with RSV infection in children with acute bronchitis, oral administration of montelukast sodium 4 mg per night in the acute phase and 4 weeks, can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of acute phase, prevent lung function decline, reduce persistent high respiratory tract response Reduce the incidence of recurrent RSV infection and repeated cough and wheezing.