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引言处理和再利用现代工业化社会所产生的废渣,不仅在有关国家是多数公众争议的问题,而且在科学研究方面也是个突出的问题。在大多数类型废物处理中,生态及经济问题是重要因素。鉴于此,不仅今后的处理费用变得更加重要,而且在另一方面,从再利用产生的利润和效益将更加重要。上述情况反映了在处理由废物焚烧厂产生的固体废渣时的本质问题。在联邦德国,1993年城市废物焚烧约产生270～280万t的固体废渣,其中一部分仍含有大量的有机和无机污染物,它们有可能释放到环境中。从容积上看,最引人注目的是焚烧炉灰约为240万t。通过使用新处理技术,试图使残渣发生变化,在较长时期内对环境无害。这类技术中包括熔炼工艺。在经过特殊处理后,矿物焚烧炉灰转化为对环境无害的物质和可重复利用
INTRODUCTION The disposal and reuse of waste residue from modern industrialized societies is not only a matter of public debate in the countries concerned, but also a prominent issue in scientific research. In most types of waste management, ecological and economic issues are important factors. Given this, not only will future costs of handling become more important, but on the other hand, the profits and benefits derived from re-use will become even more important. The above situation reflects the essential problem in handling the solid waste produced by the waste incineration plant. In the Federal Republic of Germany, municipal waste incineration in 1993 produced between 2.7 and 2.8 million tonnes of solid waste, some of which still contained significant amounts of organic and inorganic contaminants that were potentially released into the environment. From the volume point of view, the most striking is the incinerator ash is about 2.4 million t. By using new processing techniques, attempts are made to change the residue to be harmless to the environment over a longer period of time. Such techniques include smelting processes. After special treatment, mineral incineration ash is converted into environmentally sound substances and can be reused