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选用135个寒地粳稻品种(系)作为供试材料,研究产量构成主要因素对产量性状的影响。结果表明,株高和穗长对产量直接构成因素穗粒数和结实率有显著影响。穗数×穗粒数×千粒重对产量的影响最大,穗数×穗粒数对产量的影响大于两者单个因素对产量的影响之和。千粒重单因素对产量的影响小于穗粒数单因素对产量的影响,但千粒重与结实率的结合效应却大于穗粒数与结实率的结合效应。综合而言,协调好穗数和穗粒数之间的矛盾是水稻获得高产的首要途径,其次要兼顾结实率和千粒重两因素及两者结合对产量的影响。
A total of 135 cold-blooded japonica cultivars (lines) were selected as test materials to study the effects of yield components on yield traits. The results showed that plant height and spike length had a significant effect on the number of kernels per plant and seed setting rate as the direct components of yield. The number of spikes × the number of spikes × the effect of 1000-grain weight had the greatest effect on the yield. The effect of the number of spikes × number of grains per spike on the yield was greater than the sum of the effects of the two factors on the yield. The effect of single grain weight on yield was less than that of single grain number on grain yield, but the combination effect of 1000-grain weight and seed setting rate was greater than the combination effect of grain number and seed setting rate. Taken together, the coordination between the number of spikes and the number of spikes is the most important way for rice to achieve high yield, followed by both seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight and the combination of the two.