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生态因素包括生物因素和非生物因素,非生物因素有阳光、温度和水。影响生物发育时间长短的,主要是温度。生物在完成全部或某个生育期需要一定的热量。这个热量通常用相应时段内,逐日平均气温的累积值来表示,这个累积温度叫积温。生物的积温都以生物学下限温度为起点温度,也就是生物进行生长活动的最低温度,高于生物学下限温度为活动温度,有效温度为活动温度减去生物学下限温度,即活动温度与生物学下限温度之差。生物的某一生育时期或全生育期内活动温度的总和叫活动积温,生物的某一生育时期或全生育期内有效温度的总和叫有效积温。例如某作物从播种到出苗阶段的生物学最低温度为11℃,播种后6天出苗,这6天的温度(单位:℃,下同)分别为:21.2、19.5、17.4、
Ecological factors include biotic and abiotic factors, non-biological factors are sunshine, temperature and water. The impact of biological development of the length of time, mainly temperature. The creature needs some calories to complete all or a certain period of growth. This heat is usually expressed as the accumulated daily average temperature over the corresponding period of time, which is the accumulated temperature. Bio-temperature are the biological minimum temperature as the starting point of temperature, which is the biological activity of the minimum temperature above the lower limit of biological activity temperature, the effective temperature is the activity temperature minus the biological minimum temperature, that activity temperature and biological Learn the minimum temperature difference. The sum of the activity temperature of a certain biological period or the whole growth period is called active accumulated temperature, and the sum of the effective temperatures during a certain biological period or whole growth period of a living organism is called effective accumulated temperature. For example, the minimum biological temperature of a crop from sowing to emergence is 11 ° C, and the emergence of seedlings occurs 6 days after sowing. The temperatures at these 6 days (units: ° C, the same below) are respectively 21.2, 19.5, 17.4,