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本文通过对发达国家的英国、美国、日本、瑞典发展社区福利的进程以及发展中国家推行社区开发计划的实践进行实证分析之后,提出1980年以来,中国提出发展社区,其动因来自国内和国际两方面。本文对社区福利的概念、理论架构进行了比较系统的梳理。在此基础上提出,至今为止,中国的社区发展走过了社区服务、社区建设的发展阶段。但是,无论是社区服务政策还是社区建设政策,都忽视了居民自发、自治的主体性原则,忽视了以居民生活为核心的原则。因而,其政策带有一定局限性。今后的社区发展,将综合社区服务、社区建设的经验和成果,进入社区发展的第三阶段,即社区福利阶段。
After empirical analysis of the development of community welfare in developed countries such as Britain, the United States, Japan and Sweden and the practice of developing countries in implementing community development plans, this paper proposes that since 1980, China has proposed to develop its community through its domestic and international initiatives aspect. This article systematically reviews the concept and theoretical framework of community welfare. On this basis, it is suggested that up to now, China’s community development has gone through the stages of development of community service and community building. However, both the community service policy and the community building policy neglect the subjective principle of spontaneous and autonomy of residents and neglect the principle of taking the residents’ life as the core. Therefore, its policy has some limitations. In the future, community development will integrate the experience and achievements of community service and community building into the third phase of community development, that is, the stage of community welfare.