布朗运动是1827年英国植物学家布朗发现的。有一次,布朗通过显微镜观察到,悬浮在水中的植物孢子不断地作无规则的运动(直径约10~(-3)毫米,称为“布朗微粒”)。以后人们发现,悬浮在液体或气体(称为“分散介质”),中的其他微粒(称为“分散相”直径约10~(-3)～10~(-5)毫米),都有这个现象。不过,产生这种运动的原因当时却是一个谜。1905年爱因斯坦对它进行数学分析,认为布朗运动是由于胶体颗粒在介质中受到各 Brown was discovered by British botanist Brown in 1827. Once Brown observed through a microscope that the plant spores suspended in the water continuously made irregular movements (about 10 mm (-3 mm) in diameter, called “Brown particles”). Later, it was discovered that other particles suspended in liquids or gases (known as “dispersion media”), referred to as “dispersed phases” with a diameter of about 10 to (-3) to 10 to (-5) mm) , this phenomenon. However, the reason for this movement was a mystery at the time. In 1905, Einstein conducted a mathematical analysis on it, arguing that the Brownian motion was due to the colloidal particles receiving