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本文分析轴重和速度的提高对轨道结构的影响以及后者可能采取的加强措施。经轨道动力试验表明,平均轮重由9t提高到10.8t和12.5t,钢轨的安全使用寿命将分别缩短66％和86.7％,轨道维修工作量增长37％和79％。据此,作为我国近期的技术经济政策,规定不在全国路网上开行25t轴重的车辆。而平均货车速度由60km/h提高到80km/h,对轨道各部件的应力影响有限,但道床振动加速度将增长20％,从而使轨道维修工作量增长45％。因此,随着行车速度的提高,必须加强轨道结构的减振、隔振性能。试验表明,增加轨下垫层的弹性,可以收到满意的效果。
This article analyzes the effects of increased axle weight and speed on the orbital structure and the possible enhancements the latter may take. The orbital dynamic tests show that the average wheel load is increased from 9t to 10.8t and 12.5t, the safe service life of the rail will be reduced by 66% and 86.7% respectively, and the orbital maintenance workload will increase by 37% and 79% respectively. Accordingly, as China’s recent technical and economic policies, it is stipulated that the 25t axle vehicle will not be started on the national road network. However, the average speed of freight cars is increased from 60km / h to 80km / h, which has a limited impact on the stress of rail components. However, the vibration acceleration of roadbed will increase by 20%, thus increasing the workload of track maintenance by 45%. Therefore, with the increase of driving speed, it is necessary to strengthen the vibration damping and vibration isolation performance of the track structure. Experiments show that increasing the elasticity of the underlaying cushion can receive satisfactory results.