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从世界范围看,小麦是人类消耗蛋白质、热量和食物的主要营养源之一,在常年世界谷物产销中,小麦种植面积、总产量、贸易量和加工制品数量比重较大。全世界小麦常年种植一般在34亿亩左右,占世界谷物总面积的32%(稻占20.8%,玉米占18%);小麦总产5.7亿吨左右,占谷物总产28.9%(稻谷27.1%、玉米25.2%);贸易量1亿吨,约占谷物贸易总量的50%左右;小麦提供人类消耗蛋白质总量的20.3%、热量的18.6%、食物总量的11.1%,是人类主要食粮之一。小麦不像稻谷加工食用方式相对简单,由于含有独特的麦谷蛋白和麦醇溶蛋白(面筋),能制出多种多样的食品,其制品数量之大,花样之多均居各类作物之首。此外,小麦具有较好的耐贮藏性,正常情况下贮藏4-5年或更长一些时间品质基本不变。因此,小麦常被看作是一个国家重要的战略物资。我国是小麦生产大国和消费大国,小麦是我国重要的粮食作物、商品粮品种和人类的主要口粮。在新形势下,我国小麦业如何适应新形势需要,提高质量和市场竞争力,已成为重要问题。
Globally, wheat is one of the major nutrient sources for human consumption of protein, calories and food. In the annual world cereal production and sales, wheat is heavily planted, aggregated, traded and processed. The annual global wheat planting is generally about 3.4 billion mu, accounting for 32% of the total cereal area in the world (20.8% for rice and 18% for corn); the total output of wheat is 570 million tons, accounting for 28.9% of the total cereal output (27.1% , Corn 25.2%); trade volume of 100 million tons, accounting for about 50% of total grain trade; wheat provides human consumption of 20.3% of the total protein, 18.6% of calories, 11.1% of total food is human staple food one. Unlike rice, which is not as simple as rice for processing and consumption, wheat can produce a wide variety of foods due to its unique glutenin and gliadin (gluten) . In addition, wheat has good storability, under normal circumstances stored 4-5 years or longer quality remains unchanged for some time. Therefore, wheat is often regarded as an important national strategic material. China is a big wheat-producing country and a big consuming country. Wheat is an important grain crop in China, a staple foodstuff and a staple of human beings. Under the new situation, how to adapt to the needs of the new situation in our country’s wheat industry and improve the quality and market competitiveness has become an important issue.