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目的:探讨孕期低水平铅暴露对婴儿生长发育以及社会情感技能发展的影响,早期发现不利因素,开展健康教育,从社会、环境医学角度为培养全面发展的新一代探索更广的途径。方法:对110例母婴进行问卷调查,社会情感技能ASQ:SE婴幼儿社会情感问卷,新生儿神经行为评分,体检。采用原子吸收石墨炉法测定脐血铅水平。前瞻性观察足月新生儿脐血铅与体格发育、神经发育、父母职业、生活方式等指标的等级相关性,开展防铅健康教育。结果:110例新生儿脐血铅中位数(M):18·8μg/L,均数(x):23·84μg/L,标准差(s):20·43;血铅与出生体重、身长、头围相关系数分别为0·142、0·005、0·019,无显著相关性;与情商相关系数为0·827(P<0·01);与父母职业、交通情况相关系数分别为0·106(P<0·05)、0·228(P<0·05)、0·220(P<0·05)、0·228(P<0·05);与母亲被动吸烟、家庭装修相关系数分别为0·224(P<0·05)、0·203(P<0·05)。结论:提示孕期低水平铅暴露新生儿脐血铅水平与父母交通情况、母亲职业、母亲被动吸烟、家庭装修、婴儿日后情商有显著相关性。环境干预、健康教育是防治儿童铅中毒的有效途径。
Objective: To explore the influence of low levels of lead exposure during pregnancy on the growth and development of infants and the development of social emotion and skills. Early detection of unfavorable factors and health education were carried out to explore a broader approach to cultivating a new generation of all-round development from the perspective of social and environmental medicine. Methods: A total of 110 mothers and infants were surveyed. Social affective skills ASQ: SE social emotional questionnaire, neonatal neurobehavioral score, physical examination. Determination of umbilical cord blood lead by atomic absorption furnace method. Prospective observation of full-term neonatal umbilical cord blood and physical development, neurodevelopment, parental occupation, lifestyle and other indicators of the level of relevance to carry out anti-lead health education. Results: The median (M) of cord blood of 110 neonates was 18.8 μg / L, mean (x) was 23.84 μg / L, standard deviation (s) was 20.43, blood lead and birth weight, Body length and head circumference were0 · 142,0 · 005,0 · 019 respectively, there was no significant correlation between them; the correlation coefficient with EQ was0.827 (P <0.01); the correlation coefficient with parents’ occupation and traffic situation respectively (P0.05), 0.22 (P0.05), 0.202 (P0.05) and 0.228 (P0.05), which were significantly different from those of passive smoking, The correlation coefficients of home decoration were 0 · 224 (P <0 · 05) and 0 · 203 (P <0 · 05) respectively. Conclusion: The level of cord blood lead in neonates exposed to low levels of lead during pregnancy has significant correlation with the traffic conditions of mothers, mothers’ mothers, passive smoking of mothers, home decoration and the future emotional status of infants. Environmental intervention and health education are effective ways to prevent and control childhood lead poisoning.