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人性善恶论者有两个误区,即概念外延扩大和道德判断的壁障。马克思、恩格斯揭示了人的本质。从广泛的人性考察,马恩的结论是:自由是人类的本质特性,人性即自由。人的自由是需要的满足。人的需要又可分为生存、快乐、发展三个逐渐上升的层次,它决定了人的主观能动性,通过劳动这一手段创造了世界文明。自由是普天下进步人类的追求目标。理想的共产主义正是人性复归的途径。全人类自由人性的复归,是马克思主义的出发点和归宿。马恩高举的就是自由的旗帜,自由也是社会主义核心价值观的核心。自由是一把双刃剑。按照美的规律求真向善,就到达美的,也是自由的境界,人性得到张扬。另一方面,违背了这一规律,自由人性就异化了,人性会沦丧,甚至反噬自由人性。要防止人性异化,就应从认知、道德、法律和教育四方面入手。
There are two misunderstandings between good and evil human beings, namely, the expansion of the concept and the barrier of moral judgment. Marx and Engels reveal the essence of man. From the extensive investigation of human nature, Marne concludes that freedom is the essential characteristic of mankind and that human nature is freedom. Human freedom is the need of satisfaction. The needs of the people can be divided into three levels, that is, survival, happiness and development. They determine the subjective initiative of man and create a world civilization through labor. Freedom is the goal of all mankind to improve mankind. Ideal communism is the way of humanity’s return. The return of all mankind’s free humanity is the starting point and destination of Marxism. Marx raised the banner of freedom, freedom is also the core of the socialist core values. Freedom is a double-edged sword. Pursuing truth and doing good according to the law of the United States, it is also the realm of freedom to reach the United States, and human nature is made public. On the other hand, contrary to this law, free human nature is alienated, human nature will be lost, and even bite back to free human nature. To prevent alienation of human nature, we should start with four aspects: cognition, morality, law and education.