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目前,海洋文化一词时常出现于学术话语体系中,并成为包括海洋社会学在内的海洋人文社会科学的重要学术名词。但是,学术界有关海洋文化的研究存在三个缺陷,由此导致对海洋文化认识和理解方面的错位。一是将海洋文化理解为“海洋”与“文化”的二元相加,忽视了海洋文化的整体性。二是海洋文化概念界定过于宽泛,存在大而不当的缺陷,无法反映出海洋文化的起源与本质。三是海洋文化特征研究不够严谨。海洋文化源于人类的海洋开发实践活动,有其自身的形成背景、发展历史和基本特征。海洋文化并不具有慕利性、商业性、民主性、法制性等特征,其基本特征是社会性、涉海性、习得性、地域性、整合性和共享性。中国是海洋文化的重要发祥地,学术界需要秉持文化自觉意识,深化海洋文化研究,并以此推进“文化强国”与“海洋强国”建设。
At present, the term marine culture often appears in the academic discourse system and becomes an important academic term for marine humanities and social sciences, including marine sociology. However, there are three defects in the academic research on marine culture, which leads to the dislocation of understanding and understanding of marine culture. First, understanding the ocean culture as a dual sum of “ocean” and “culture” ignores the integrity of marine culture. Second, the definition of marine culture is too broad, there are big and improper defects, can not reflect the origin and essence of marine culture. Third, the study of the characteristics of marine culture is not rigorous enough. Marine culture originated from the human activities of ocean development and has its own formation background, development history and basic characteristics. Marine culture does not have the characteristics of Muli, commercial, democratic, legal and other characteristics, its basic characteristics are social, sea-related, acquired, regional, integration and sharing. China is an important birthplace of marine culture. The academic community needs to uphold the awareness of cultural self-consciousness and deepen the study of marine culture, so as to push forward the building of a “powerhouse of culture” and a “maritime powerhouse.”